+1. **State write**: Optimistic rollups publish transaction data and block headers (consisting of the previous block header hash, state root, batch root) to Ethereum as a `blob`, or "binary large object". [EIP-4844](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4844) introduced a cost-effective solution for including data on-chain. A `blob` is a new transaction field that allows rollups to post compressed state transition data to Ethereum L1. Unlike `calldata`, which remains permanently on-chain, blobs are short-lived and can be pruned from clients after [4096 epochs](https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/81f3ea8322aff6b9fb15132d050f8f98b16bdba4/configs/mainnet.yaml#L147) (approximately 18 days). By using blobs to post batches of compressed transactions, optimistic rollups can significantly reduce the cost of writing transactions to L1.
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