-It is complicated to get accurate estimates for energy consumption, especially when what is being measured has a complex supply chain or deployment details that influence its efficiency. For example, the energy consumption for platforms such as Netflix and Youtube vary depending upon whether they only include the energy used to run the hardware infrastructure required to store and deliver content (_direct expenditure_) or whether they include the expenditure required to - for example - produce content, run corporate offices, advertise, etc (_indirect expenditure_). Indirect usage could also include the energy required to consume content on end-user devices such as TVs, computers and mobiles, which in turn depends on which devices are used - there is some discussion this on [Carbon Brief](https://www.carbonbrief.org/factcheck-what-is-the-carbon-footprint-of-streaming-video-on-netflix). In the table above, the value reported for Netflix is their self-reported total (_direct_ + _indirect_). Youtube estimates their own _direct_ energy expenditure at around [12 TWh/yr](https://www.gstatic.com/gumdrop/sustainability/google-2020-environmental-report.pdf).
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