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This is obviously not a foolproof security measure because clients can be modified to not redact previously sent messages for example, but a recent thread has given some examples on why this is a useful feature nonetheless.
[Disappearing messages] are a collaborative feature for conversations where all participants want to automate minimalist data hygiene, not for situations where your contact is your adversary — after all, if someone who receives a disappearing message really wants a record of it, they can always use another camera to take a photo of the screen before the message disappears.
https://whispersystems.org/blog/disappearing-messages/
I just had an interesting conversation with a friend who was recommending that I use Telegram/Wickr, and I told him that Signal was where it's at. Then he asked me if it had self-destructing messages, and I said "Why bother? That can be easily circumvented". His reply was that in some countries phones had been confiscated, and even though one person had enabled local encryption, the user with the confiscated phone had not enabled it; thereby implicating everyone who had communicated with that person (even though the messages were delivered secure over the network). So while self-destructing messages are in many ways a flawed guarantee of privacy, they can perform a very useful function in cases where the users are not malicious, but rather are security ignorant (i.e. most people with a phone).
https://whispersystems.discoursehosting.net/t/automatically-disappearing-messages/473/18
I've always been thinking that the critique of such a feature is based on a false underlying premise.
Yes, it's true that the recipient can make a screenshot of the message. But the recipient in the absolute majority of cases is not a "threat" in a classical sense, not someone with bad intentions or someone who is not supposed to know the contents of that message. After all, the sender trusts the recipient, as he is the one sending the message to the recipient in the first place.
The usual scenario is a recipient who is not that security-aware and doesn't think about those things that much if at all. Personally, I'd say most of my contact are that way.
The sender might send this recipient a message containing something especially critical, say, a user name and a corresponding password, and doesn't want to see that information in the wrong hands if e. g. later on, the recipient loses their phone, the phone gets stolen, etc. Also note that this kind of recipient is unlikely to use a general passphrase for Signal as this lessens convenience.
https://whispersystems.discoursehosting.net/t/automatically-disappearing-messages/473/10
I think OWS are hard at work trying to convey this as a convenience rather than as a security measure. Their explanation of why you should use it seems a bit weird, but it is at least better than claiming that you have any control over a message you send to another person.
I really think that they should frame it as a data retention measure between mutually trusting parties. In most countries deleting messages once a criminal investigation has started is a criminal offence. If you operate either in an environment where high data security is a priority or when you are at the outskirts of the law (or in a country where the law "applies arbitrarily" disfavouring opponents of the government) a clear and openly communicated data retention policy is a must.
The pirate bay guys probably wouldn't have been convicted if they had one in place.
https://www.reddit.com/r/crypto/comments/5706th/disappearing_messages_for_signal/d8ojhg2/