Update Data

中文 | English

FreeSql provides a variety of database update functions. It supports single or batch updates, and can also return updated records when executed in a specific database.

static IFreeSql fsql = new FreeSql.FreeSqlBuilder()
    .UseConnectionString(FreeSql.DataType.MySql, connectionString)
    .UseAutoSyncStructure(true) //Automatically synchronize the entity structure to the database.
    .Build(); //Be sure to define as singleton mode

class Topic {
    [Column(IsIdentity = true, IsPrimary = true)]
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public int Clicks { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; }
}

Dynamic Conditions

fsql.Update<Topic>(object dywhere)

dywhere supports:

• Primary key
• new[] { PrimaryKey1, PrimaryKey2 }
• Topic Object
• new[] { TopicObject1, TopicObject2 }
• new { id = 1 }

1. Update the specified column

fsql.Update<Topic>(1)
  .Set(a => a.CreateTime, DateTime.Now)
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `CreateTime` = '2018-12-08 00:04:59' 
//WHERE (`Id` = 1)

Support multiple calls to Set(), which is equivalent to splicing Sql statements.

fsql.Update<Topic>(1)
  .Set(a => a.Clicks + 1)
  .Set(a => a.Time == DateTime.Now)
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `Clicks` = ifnull(`Clicks`,0) + 1, `Time` = now() 
//WHERE (`Id` = 1)

fsql.Update<Topic>(1)
  .Set(a => new Topic
  {
    Clicks = a.Clicks + 1,
    Time = DateTime.Now
  })
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `Clicks` = ifnull(`Clicks`,0) + 1, `Time` = now() 
//WHERE (`Id` = 1)

2. Update Conditions

In addition to the dywhere parameter described above, it also supports the Where lambda/sql method

For safety reasons, when there are no conditions, the update action will not be executed to avoid updating the entire table data by mistake. Update the entire table data: fsql.Update<T>().Where("1=1").Set(a => a.Xxx == xxx).ExecuteAffrows()

fsql.Update<Topic>()
  .Set(a => a.Title, "New Title")
  .Set(a => a.Time, DateTime.Now)
  .Where(a => a.Id == 1)
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `Title` = @p_0, `Time` = @p_1 
//WHERE (Id = 1)

3. Update the Entity

Method 1: (recommended)

Only update the changed properties (depend on FreeSql.Repository package)

var repo = fsql.GetRepository<Topic>();
var item = repo.Where(a => a.Id == 1).First();  //Snapshot item at this time
item.Title = "newtitle";
repo.Update(item); //Compare the changes before and after the snapshot.
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `Title` = @p_0
//WHERE (`Id` = 1)

Do you think it’s verbose to query first and then update?

var repo = fsql.GetRepository<Topic>();
var item = new Topic { Id = 1 };
repo.Attach(item); //Snapshot item at this time
item.Title = "newtitle";
repo.Update(item); //Compare the changes before and after the snapshot.
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `Title` = @p_0
//WHERE (`Id` = 1)

Method 2: (Original)

//v1.5.0 Ignore properties that update null values
fsql.Update<Topic>()
  .SetSourceIgnore(item, col => col == null)
  .ExecuteAffrows();

var item = new Topic { Id = 1, Title = "newtitle" };
fsql.Update<Topic>()
  .SetSource(item)
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `Clicks` = @p_0, `Title` = @p_1, `CreateTime` = @p_2 
//WHERE (`Id` = 1)

fsql.Update<Topic>()
  .SetSource(item)
  .UpdateColumns(a => new { a.Title, a.CreateTime })
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `Title` = @p_0, `CreateTime` = @p_1 
//WHERE (`Id` = 1)

fsql.Update<Topic>()
  .SetSource(item)
  .IgnoreColumns(a => new { a.Clicks, a.CreateTime })
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `Title` = @p_0 
//WHERE (`Id` = 1)

var items = new List<Topic>();
for (var a = 0; a < 10; a++) items.Add(new Topic { Id = a + 1, Title = $"newtitle{a}", Clicks = a * 100 });

fsql.Update<Topic>()
  .SetSource(items)
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `Clicks` = CASE `Id` WHEN 1 THEN @p_0 WHEN 2 THEN @p_1 WHEN 3 THEN @p_2 WHEN 4 THEN @p_3 WHEN 5 THEN @p_4 WHEN 6 THEN @p_5 WHEN 7 THEN @p_6 WHEN 8 THEN @p_7 WHEN 9 THEN @p_8 WHEN 10 THEN @p_9 END, 
//`Title` = CASE `Id` WHEN 1 THEN @p_10 WHEN 2 THEN @p_11 WHEN 3 THEN @p_12 WHEN 4 THEN @p_13 WHEN 5 THEN @p_14 WHEN 6 THEN @p_15 WHEN 7 THEN @p_16 WHEN 8 THEN @p_17 WHEN 9 THEN @p_18 WHEN 10 THEN @p_19 END, 
//`CreateTime` = CASE `Id` WHEN 1 THEN @p_20 WHEN 2 THEN @p_21 WHEN 3 THEN @p_22 WHEN 4 THEN @p_23 WHEN 5 THEN @p_24 WHEN 6 THEN @p_25 WHEN 7 THEN @p_26 WHEN 8 THEN @p_27 WHEN 9 THEN @p_28 WHEN 10 THEN @p_29 END 
//WHERE (`Id` IN (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10))

fsql.Update<Topic>()
  .SetSource(items)
  .IgnoreColumns(a => new { a.Clicks, a.CreateTime })
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `Title` = CASE `Id` WHEN 1 THEN @p_0 WHEN 2 THEN @p_1 WHEN 3 THEN @p_2 WHEN 4 THEN @p_3 WHEN 5 THEN @p_4 WHEN 6 THEN @p_5 WHEN 7 THEN @p_6 WHEN 8 THEN @p_7 WHEN 9 THEN @p_8 WHEN 10 THEN @p_9 END 
//WHERE (`Id` IN (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10))

fsql.Update<Topic>()
  .SetSource(items)
  .Set(a => a.CreateTime, DateTime.Now)
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `CreateTime` = @p_0 
//WHERE (`Id` IN (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10))

After the specified Set column is updated, SetSource will become invalid

4. Custom SQL

fsql.Update<Topic>()
  .SetRaw("Title = @title", new { title = "New Title" })
  .Where("Id = @id", 1)
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET Title = @title WHERE (Id = @id)

5. Update According to the DTO

fsql.Update<T>()
  .SetDto(new { title = "xxx", clicks = 2 })
  .Where(a => a.Id == 1)
  .ExecuteAffrows();
//UPDATE `Topic` SET `Title` = @p_0, `Clicks` = @p_1 WHERE (Id = 1)

fsql.Update<T>()
  .SetDto(new Dictionary<string, object> { ["title"] = "xxx", ["clicks"] = 2 })
  .Where(a => a.Id == 1)
  .ExecuteAffrows();

6. The difference between Set, SetSource and SetDto

The three of them are functions of the same level, corresponding to:

• Set/SetRaw is used when the entity is known, corresponding to update t set x = x

• SetSource updates the entire entity, you can use UpdateColumns and/or IgnoreColumns to specify or ignore fields

• SetDto is a batch operation of Set

7. Optimistic Lock

When updating the entire entity data, it is very easy to cause the old data to update the new record in the case of concurrency.

乐观锁的原理，是利用实体某字段，如：long version，更新前先查询数据，此时 version 为 1，更新时产生的 SQL 会附加 where version = 1，当修改失败时（即 Affrows == 0）抛出异常（DbUpdateVersionException）。

每个实体只支持一个乐观锁属性，在属性前标记特性：[Column(IsVersion = true)] 即可。

适用 SetSource 更新，每次更新 version 的值都会增加 1

8. Pessimistic Lock

var user = fsql.Select<User>()
  .ForUpdate(true)
  .Where(a => a.Id == 1)
  .ToOne();
//SELECT ... FROM User a for update nowait

for update 在 Oracle/PostgreSQL/MySql 是通用的写法，我们对 SqlServer 做了特别适配，执行的 SQL 语句大致如下：

SELECT ... FROM [User] a With(UpdLock, RowLock, NoWait)

9、ISelect.ToUpdate 高级更新

IUpdate 默认不支持导航对象，多表关联等。ISelect.ToUpdate 可将查询转为 IUpdate，以便使用导航对象更新数据，如下：

fsql.Select<T1>().Where(a => a.Options.xxx == 1)
  .ToUpdate()
  .Set(a => a.Title, "111")
  .ExecuteAffrows();

注意：此方法不是将数据查询到内存再更新，上面的代码产生如下 SQL 执行：

UPDATE `T1` SET Title = '111' WHERE id in (select a.id from T1 a left join Options b on b.t1id = a.id where b.xxx = 1)

The benefits of using this program for dang complex update:

• Data can be previewed before updating to prevent wrong update operations;
• Support complex update operations, for example: Use Limit(10) on ISelect to update the first 10 records that meet the conditions;

Reference

• 《数据库事务》
• 《学习FreeSql之一：添加数据》
• 《学习FreeSql之二：删除数据》
• 《学习FreeSql之三：查询数据》
• 《仓储层Repository》
• 《过滤器、全局过滤器》
• 《UnitOfWork》

API

Methods	Return	Parameters	Description
SetSource	<this>	T1 | IEnumerable<T1>	更新数据，设置更新的实体
IgnoreColumns	<this>	Lambda	忽略的列
Set	<this>	Lambda, value	设置列的新值，Set(a => a.Name, "newvalue")
Set	<this>	Lambda	设置列的的新值为基础上增加，Set(a => a.Clicks + 1)，相当于 clicks=clicks+1
SetDto	<this>	object	根据 dto 更新的方法
SetRaw	<this>	string, parms	设置值，自定义SQL语法，SetRaw("title = @title", new { title = "newtitle" })
Where	<this>	Lambda	表达式条件，仅支持实体基础成员（不包含导航对象）
Where	<this>	string, parms	原生sql语法条件，Where("id = @id", new { id = 1 })
Where	<this>	T1 | IEnumerable<T1>	传入实体或集合，将其主键作为条件
WhereExists	<this>	ISelect	子查询是否存在
CommandTimeout	<this>	int	命令超时设置(秒)
WithTransaction	<this>	DbTransaction	设置事务对象
WithConnection	<this>	DbConnection	设置连接对象
ToSql	string		返回即将执行的SQL语句
ExecuteAffrows	long		执行SQL语句，返回影响的行数
ExecuteUpdated	List<T1>		执行SQL语句，返回更新后的记录