From cf3991874c719eb2f38f478da7eeedc836f3ffc1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Craig Thomas Date: Fri, 28 Jun 2024 10:12:00 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Add audio pattern buffer. --- chip8/cpu.py | 15 +++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+) diff --git a/chip8/cpu.py b/chip8/cpu.py index de32865..32e6314 100644 --- a/chip8/cpu.py +++ b/chip8/cpu.py @@ -91,8 +91,10 @@ def __init__( self.sp = STACK_POINTER_START self.index = 0 self.rpl = [0] * NUM_REGISTERS + self.pitch = 64 self.playback_rate = 4000 + self.audio_pattern_buffer = [0] * 16 self.bitplane = 1 @@ -164,6 +166,7 @@ def __init__( self.misc_routine_lookup = { 0x00: self.index_load_long, # F000 - LOADLONG 0x01: self.set_bitplane, # Fn01 - BITPLANE n + 0x02: self.load_audio_pattern_buffer, # F002 - AUDIO 0x07: self.move_delay_timer_into_reg, # Ft07 - LOAD Vt, DELAY 0x0A: self.wait_for_keypress, # Ft0A - KEYD Vt 0x15: self.move_reg_into_delay_timer, # Fs15 - LOAD DELAY, Vs @@ -945,6 +948,17 @@ def set_bitplane(self): self.bitplane = (self.operand & 0x0F00) >> 8 self.last_op = f"BITPLANE {self.bitplane:01X}" + def load_audio_pattern_buffer(self): + """ + F002 - AUDIO + + Loads the 16-byte audio pattern buffer with 16 bytes from memory + pointed to by the index register. + """ + for x in range(16): + self.audio_pattern_buffer[x] = self.memory[self.index + x] + self.last_op = f"AUDIO {self.index:04X}" + def move_delay_timer_into_reg(self): """ Fx07 - LOAD Vx, DELAY @@ -1198,6 +1212,7 @@ def reset(self): self.rpl = [0] * NUM_REGISTERS self.pitch = 64 self.playback_rate = 4000 + self.audio_pattern_buffer = [0] * 16 self.bitplane = 1 def load_rom(self, filename, offset=PROGRAM_COUNTER_START): From b88f8975185e729c8f9f2aacd365827d29ca7154 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Craig Thomas Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 11:04:57 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Implement audio playback. --- chip8/cpu.py | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--- requirements.txt | 5 ++-- 2 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/chip8/cpu.py b/chip8/cpu.py index 32e6314..09345c1 100644 --- a/chip8/cpu.py +++ b/chip8/cpu.py @@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ """ # I M P O R T S ############################################################### +import numpy as np +import pygame.sndarray + from pygame import key from random import randint -from chip8.config import ( - STACK_POINTER_START, KEY_MAPPINGS, PROGRAM_COUNTER_START -) +from chip8.config import STACK_POINTER_START, KEY_MAPPINGS, PROGRAM_COUNTER_START # C O N S T A N T S ########################################################### @@ -28,6 +29,21 @@ "64K": 65536, } +# The minimum number of audio samples we want to generate. The minimum amount +# of time an audio clip can be played is 1/60th of a second (the frequency +# that the sound timer is decremented). Since we initialize the pygame +# audio mixer to require 48000 samples per second, this means each 1/60th +# of a second requires 800 samples. The audio pattern buffer is only +# 128 bits long, so we will need to repeat it to fill at least 1/60th of a +# second with audio (resampled at the correct frequency). To be safe, +# we'll construct a buffer of at least 4/60ths of a second of +# audio. We can be bigger than the minimum number of samples below, but +# we don't want less than that. +MIN_AUDIO_SAMPLES = 3200 + +# The audio playback rate to use for Pygame mixer initialization +PYGAME_AUDIO_PLAYBACK_RATE = 48000 + # C L A S S E S ############################################################### @@ -95,6 +111,8 @@ def __init__( self.pitch = 64 self.playback_rate = 4000 self.audio_pattern_buffer = [0] * 16 + self.sound_playing = False + self.sound_waveform = None self.bitplane = 1 @@ -187,6 +205,7 @@ def __init__( self.memory = bytearray(MEM_SIZE[mem_size]) self.reset() self.running = True + pygame.mixer.init(frequency=PYGAME_AUDIO_PLAYBACK_RATE, size=8, channels=1) def __str__(self): val = f"PC:{self.last_pc:04X} OP:{self.operand:04X} " @@ -957,6 +976,7 @@ def load_audio_pattern_buffer(self): """ for x in range(16): self.audio_pattern_buffer[x] = self.memory[self.index + x] + self.calculate_audio_waveform() self.last_op = f"AUDIO {self.index:04X}" def move_delay_timer_into_reg(self): @@ -1213,6 +1233,8 @@ def reset(self): self.pitch = 64 self.playback_rate = 4000 self.audio_pattern_buffer = [0] * 16 + self.sound_playing = False + self.sound_waveform = None self.bitplane = 1 def load_rom(self, filename, offset=PROGRAM_COUNTER_START): @@ -1236,6 +1258,51 @@ def decrement_timers(self): """ self.delay -= 1 if self.delay > 0 else 0 self.sound -= 1 if self.delay > 0 else 0 - + if self.sound > 0 and not self.sound_playing: + if self.sound_waveform: + self.sound_waveform.play(loops=-1) + self.sound_playing = True + + if self.sound == 0 and self.sound_playing: + if self.sound_waveform: + self.sound_waveform.stop() + self.sound_playing = False + + def calculate_audio_waveform(self): + """ + Based on a playback rate specified by the XO Chip pitch, generate + an audio waveform from the 16-byte audio_pattern_buffer. It converts + the 16-bytes pattern into 128 separate bits. The bits are then used to fill + a sample buffer. The sample buffer is filled by resampling the 128-bit + pattern at the specified frequency. The sample buffer is then repeated + until it is at least MIN_AUDIO_SAMPLES long. Playback (if currently + happening) is stopped, the new waveform is loaded, and then playback + is starts again (if the emulator had previously been playing a sound). + """ + # Convert the 16-byte value into an array of 128-bit samples + data = [int(bit) * 255 for bit in ''.join(f"{audio_byte:08b}" for audio_byte in self.audio_pattern_buffer)] + step = self.playback_rate / PYGAME_AUDIO_PLAYBACK_RATE + buffer = [] + + # Generate the initial re-sampled buffer + position = 0.0 + while position < 128: + buffer.append(data[int(position)]) + position += step + + # Lengthen the buffer until it is at least MIN_AUDIO_SAMPLES long + while len(buffer) < MIN_AUDIO_SAMPLES: + buffer += buffer + + # Stop playing any waveform if it is currently playing + if self.sound_playing and self.sound_waveform: + self.sound_waveform.stop() + + # Generate a new waveform from the sample buffer + self.sound_waveform = pygame.mixer.Sound(np.array(buffer).astype(np.uint8)) + + # Start playing the sound again if we should be playing one + if self.sound_playing: + self.sound_waveform.play(loops=-1) # E N D O F F I L E ######################################################## diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt index 727c6e7..42e50e9 100644 --- a/requirements.txt +++ b/requirements.txt @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ -pygame +pygame==2.5.2 mock nose -coverage \ No newline at end of file +coverage +numpy==2.0.0 From 5216cfa3f4f8ef294160349edac8be99565badcd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Craig Thomas Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 11:13:25 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Don't specify numpy version requirement. --- requirements.txt | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt index 42e50e9..bbbbbce 100644 --- a/requirements.txt +++ b/requirements.txt @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -pygame==2.5.2 +pygame mock nose coverage -numpy==2.0.0 +numpy From 89313d4f1de28f29ddba9df142fefc23d4ec98cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Craig Thomas Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 11:16:56 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Add SDL_AUDIODRIVER environment config to Github Action. --- .github/workflows/python-app.yml | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/.github/workflows/python-app.yml b/.github/workflows/python-app.yml index a785d6a..11b4f62 100644 --- a/.github/workflows/python-app.yml +++ b/.github/workflows/python-app.yml @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ jobs: runs-on: ubuntu-latest env: DISPLAY: :0 + SDL_AUDIODRIVER: "disk" steps: - name: Checkout uses: actions/checkout@v3 From 1c6de5dc9f12ae8b5367e4dddbe04594ac3105a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Craig Thomas Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 11:35:04 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Add unit tests for sound waveform generation. --- test/test_chip8cpu.py | 277 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 277 insertions(+) diff --git a/test/test_chip8cpu.py b/test/test_chip8cpu.py index f71b520..cb54cbc 100644 --- a/test/test_chip8cpu.py +++ b/test/test_chip8cpu.py @@ -1087,6 +1087,283 @@ def test_load_long_integration(self): self.assertEqual(0x1234, self.cpu.index) self.assertEqual(0x0204, self.cpu.pc) + def test_load_audio_into_pattern_buffer(self): + for x in range(16): + self.cpu.memory[0x5000 + x] = x + self.cpu.index = 0x5000 + self.cpu.load_audio_pattern_buffer() + self.assertEqual( + [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15], + self.cpu.audio_pattern_buffer + ) + + def test_load_audio_into_pattern_buffer_integration(self): + for x in range(16): + self.cpu.memory[0x5000 + x] = x + self.cpu.index = 0x5000 + self.cpu.memory[0x0200] = 0xF0 + self.cpu.memory[0x0201] = 0x02 + self.cpu.execute_instruction() + self.assertEqual( + [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15], + self.cpu.audio_pattern_buffer + ) + + def test_load_audio_pattern_loads_corrct_waveform(self): + self.cpu.memory[0x5000] = 0x00 + self.cpu.memory[0x5001] = 0x00 + self.cpu.memory[0x5002] = 0x00 + self.cpu.memory[0x5003] = 0x00 + self.cpu.memory[0x5004] = 0x00 + self.cpu.memory[0x5005] = 0x00 + 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255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, + 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255 + ] + self.assertEqual(expected, [int(x) for x in self.cpu.sound_waveform.get_raw()]) + # M A I N ##################################################################### From efb7d635406cc5907328b70f47628723f136702b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Craig Thomas Date: Sat, 6 Jul 2024 22:58:40 -0400 Subject: [PATCH 6/6] Add tests for additional coverage. --- chip8/cpu.py | 7 ++++--- test/test_chip8cpu.py | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/chip8/cpu.py b/chip8/cpu.py index 09345c1..afedd9d 100644 --- a/chip8/cpu.py +++ b/chip8/cpu.py @@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ # I M P O R T S ############################################################### import numpy as np -import pygame.sndarray from pygame import key +from pygame import mixer +from pygame.mixer import Sound from random import randint from chip8.config import STACK_POINTER_START, KEY_MAPPINGS, PROGRAM_COUNTER_START @@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ def __init__( self.memory = bytearray(MEM_SIZE[mem_size]) self.reset() self.running = True - pygame.mixer.init(frequency=PYGAME_AUDIO_PLAYBACK_RATE, size=8, channels=1) + mixer.init(frequency=PYGAME_AUDIO_PLAYBACK_RATE, size=8, channels=1) def __str__(self): val = f"PC:{self.last_pc:04X} OP:{self.operand:04X} " @@ -1299,7 +1300,7 @@ def calculate_audio_waveform(self): self.sound_waveform.stop() # Generate a new waveform from the sample buffer - self.sound_waveform = pygame.mixer.Sound(np.array(buffer).astype(np.uint8)) + self.sound_waveform = Sound(np.array(buffer).astype(np.uint8)) # Start playing the sound again if we should be playing one if self.sound_playing: diff --git a/test/test_chip8cpu.py b/test/test_chip8cpu.py index cb54cbc..aa00c4f 100644 --- a/test/test_chip8cpu.py +++ b/test/test_chip8cpu.py @@ -1364,6 +1364,28 @@ def test_load_audio_pattern_loads_corrct_waveform(self): ] self.assertEqual(expected, [int(x) for x in self.cpu.sound_waveform.get_raw()]) + def test_waveform_played_when_sound_delay_not_zero(self): + self.cpu.sound_waveform = mock.MagicMock() + self.cpu.sound = 40 + self.cpu.decrement_timers() + self.cpu.sound_waveform.play.assert_called_with(loops=-1) + self.assertTrue(self.cpu.sound_playing) + + def test_waveform_stopped_when_sound_delay_zero(self): + self.cpu.sound_waveform = mock.MagicMock() + self.cpu.sound = 0 + self.cpu.sound_playing = True + self.cpu.decrement_timers() + self.cpu.sound_waveform.stop.assert_called_with() + self.assertFalse(self.cpu.sound_playing) + + def test_calculate_audio_waveform_stops_sound_if_playing(self): + self.cpu.sound_waveform = mock.MagicMock() + the_mock = self.cpu.sound_waveform + self.cpu.sound_playing = True + self.cpu.calculate_audio_waveform() + the_mock.stop.assert_called_with() + # M A I N #####################################################################