Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#28777: doc: update docs for CHECK_ATOMIC macro

ebc7063 doc: update docs for CHECK_ATOMIC macro (fanquake)

Pull request description:

  Clarify that supported versions of GCC are not affected, and that Clang
  prior to version 15 still requires the explicit `-latomic` linking, when
  compiling for 32-bit.

ACKs for top commit:
  hebasto:
    ACK ebc7063.

Tree-SHA512: 6044dc28547431cfde7e89b663b5f9a86a4cb801212a21c3dbb18a1c41a53640480c3e4e944050dc3ec4cded9bc4c1f8eae8dbb60596289fef49bb13a8b53b76

Author: fanquake

build-aux/m4/l_atomic.m4

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ dnl permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice
 dnl and this notice are preserved. This file is offered as-is, without any
 dnl warranty.
 
-# Some versions of gcc/libstdc++ require linking with -latomic if
-# using the C++ atomic library.
+# Clang prior to version 15, when building for 32-bit,
+# and linking against libstdc++, requires linking with
+# -latomic if using the C++ atomic library.
+# Can be tested with: clang++ test.cpp -m32
 #
 # Sourced from http://bugs.debian.org/797228