Merge #16885: doc: Update tx-size-small comment with relevant CVE disclosure

c4b0c08 Update tx-size-small comment with relevant CVE disclosure (Gregory Sanders)

Pull request description:

  Code first introduced under bitcoin/bitcoin#11423 with essentially no description and no discussion.

ACKs for top commit:
  MarcoFalke:
    ACK c4b0c08
  fanquake:
    ACK c4b0c08

Tree-SHA512: 95d5c92998b8b1e944c477dbaee265b62612b6e815099ab31d9ff580b4dff777abaf7f326a284644709f918aa1510412d62310689b1250ef6e64de7b19ca9f71

Author: fanquake

src/validation.cpp

@@ -574,7 +574,8 @@ bool MemPoolAccept::PreChecks(ATMPArgs& args, Workspace& ws)
 
     // Do not work on transactions that are too small.
     // A transaction with 1 segwit input and 1 P2WPHK output has non-witness size of 82 bytes.
-    // Transactions smaller than this are not relayed to reduce unnecessary malloc overhead.
+    // Transactions smaller than this are not relayed to mitigate CVE-2017-12842 by not relaying
+    // 64-byte transactions.
     if (::GetSerializeSize(tx, PROTOCOL_VERSION | SERIALIZE_TRANSACTION_NO_WITNESS) < MIN_STANDARD_TX_NONWITNESS_SIZE)
         return state.Invalid(ValidationInvalidReason::TX_NOT_STANDARD, false, REJECT_NONSTANDARD, "tx-size-small");
 

test/functional/data/invalid_txs.py

@@ -99,6 +99,8 @@ def get_tx(self):
         return tx
 
 
+# The following check prevents exploit of lack of merkle
+# tree depth commitment (CVE-2017-12842)
 class SizeTooSmall(BadTxTemplate):
     reject_reason = "tx-size-small"
     expect_disconnect = False