Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#29165: build: Bump clang minimum supported version to 15

fa1964c build: Bump clang minimum supported version to 15 (MarcoFalke)

Pull request description:

  Most supported operating systems ship with clang-15 (or later), so bump the minimum to that and allow new code to drop workarounds for previous clang bugs.

  For reference:
  * https://packages.debian.org/bookworm/clang-15
  * https://packages.ubuntu.com/jammy/clang-15
  * CentOS-like 8/9 Stream: All Clang versions from 15 to 17
  * FreeBSD 12/13: All Clang versions from 15 to 16
  * OpenSuse Tumbleweed ships with https://software.opensuse.org/package/clang (`clang17`); No idea about OpenSuse Leap

  On operating systems where the clang version is not shipped by default, the user would have to use GCC, or install clang in a different way. For example:

  * https://packages.debian.org/bullseye/g++ (g++-10)
  * https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/g++-10
  * https://apt.llvm.org/, or nix, or guix, or compile clang from source, ...

ACKs for top commit:
  hebasto:
    ACK fa1964c.
  fanquake:
    ACK fa1964c - oss-fuzz LLVM will either be bumped globally tomorrow, or we'll land our own bump.

Tree-SHA512: b34234025b471de740480c269449891ebb95a0d9ccca67a355ff6568068bfcf1e8b104e8c13a8c0df07dbc2044dc6f03958063dc572dc4faf830bfe73466d55d

Author: fanquake

ci/test/00_setup_env_native_nowallet_libbitcoinkernel.sh

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 
 export CONTAINER_NAME=ci_native_nowallet_libbitcoinkernel
 export CI_IMAGE_NAME_TAG="docker.io/ubuntu:22.04"
-# Use minimum supported python3.9 (or best-effort 3.10) and clang-14, see doc/dependencies.md
-export PACKAGES="python3-zmq clang-14 llvm-14 libc++abi-14-dev libc++-14-dev"
-export DEP_OPTS="NO_WALLET=1 CC=clang-14 CXX='clang++-14 -stdlib=libc++'"
+# Use minimum supported python3.9 (or best-effort 3.10) and clang-15, see doc/dependencies.md
+export PACKAGES="python3-zmq clang-15 llvm-15 libc++abi-15-dev libc++-15-dev"
+export DEP_OPTS="NO_WALLET=1 CC=clang-15 CXX='clang++-15 -stdlib=libc++'"
 export GOAL="install"
 export BITCOIN_CONFIG="--enable-reduce-exports --enable-experimental-util-chainstate --with-experimental-kernel-lib --enable-shared"

doc/dependencies.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ You can find installation instructions in the `build-*.md` file for your platfor
 | --- | --- |
 | [Autoconf](https://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf/) | [2.69](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/17769) |
 | [Automake](https://www.gnu.org/software/automake/) | [1.13](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/18290) |
-| [Clang](https://clang.llvm.org) | [14.0](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/29208) |
+| [Clang](https://clang.llvm.org) | [15.0](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/29165) |
 | [GCC](https://gcc.gnu.org) | [11.1](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/29091) |
 | [Python](https://www.python.org) (scripts, tests) | [3.9](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/28211) |
 | [systemtap](https://sourceware.org/systemtap/) ([tracing](tracing.md))| N/A |