Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#30048: crypto: add NUMS_H const

9408a04 tests, fuzz: use new NUMS_H const (josibake)
b946f8a crypto: add NUMS_H const (josibake)

Pull request description:

  Broken out from #28122

  ---

  [BIP341](https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0341.mediawiki#constructing-and-spending-taproot-outputs) defines a NUMS point `H` as *H = lift_x(0x50929b74c1a04954b78b4b6035e97a5e078a5a0f28ec96d547bfee9ace803ac0)* which is [constructed](https://github.com/ElementsProject/secp256k1-zkp/blob/11af7015de624b010424273be3d91f117f172c82/src/modules/rangeproof/main_impl.h#L16) by taking the hash of the standard uncompressed encoding of the [secp256k1](https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf) base point G as X coordinate."

  Add this as a constant so it can be used in our codebase. My primary motivation is BIP352 specifies a special case for when taproot spends use `H` as the internal key, but outside of BIP352 it seems generally useful to have `H` in the codebase, for testing or other use cases.

ACKs for top commit:
  paplorinc:
    re-ACK 9408a04
  achow101:
    ACK 9408a04
  theStack:
    Code-review ACK 9408a04

Tree-SHA512: ad84492f5d635c0cb05bd82546079ded7e5138e95361f20d8285a9ad6e69c10ee2cc3fe46e16b46ef03c4253c8bee1051911c6b91264c90c3b1ad33a824bff4b

Author: achow101

src/pubkey.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <secp256k1_schnorrsig.h>
 #include <span.h>
 #include <uint256.h>
+#include <util/strencodings.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
@@ -181,6 +182,17 @@ int ecdsa_signature_parse_der_lax(secp256k1_ecdsa_signature* sig, const unsigned
     return 1;
 }
 
+/** Nothing Up My Sleeve (NUMS) point
+ *
+ *  NUMS_H is a point with an unknown discrete logarithm, constructed by taking the sha256 of 'g'
+ *  (uncompressed encoding), which happens to be a point on the curve.
+ *
+ *  For an example script for calculating H, refer to the unit tests in
+ *  ./test/functional/test_framework/crypto/secp256k1.py
+ */
+static const std::vector<unsigned char> NUMS_H_DATA{ParseHex("50929b74c1a04954b78b4b6035e97a5e078a5a0f28ec96d547bfee9ace803ac0")};
+const XOnlyPubKey XOnlyPubKey::NUMS_H{NUMS_H_DATA};
+
 XOnlyPubKey::XOnlyPubKey(Span<const unsigned char> bytes)
 {
     assert(bytes.size() == 32);

src/pubkey.h

@@ -233,6 +233,11 @@ class XOnlyPubKey
     uint256 m_keydata;
 
 public:
+    /** Nothing Up My Sleeve point H
+     *  Used as an internal key for provably disabling the key path spend
+     *  see BIP341 for more details */
+    static const XOnlyPubKey NUMS_H;
+
     /** Construct an empty x-only pubkey. */
     XOnlyPubKey() = default;
 

src/test/fuzz/miniscript.cpp

@@ -309,9 +309,6 @@ const struct KeyComparator {
 // A dummy scriptsig to pass to VerifyScript (we always use Segwit v0).
 const CScript DUMMY_SCRIPTSIG;
 
-//! Public key to be used as internal key for dummy Taproot spends.
-const std::vector<unsigned char> NUMS_PK{ParseHex("50929b74c1a04954b78b4b6035e97a5e078a5a0f28ec96d547bfee9ace803ac0")};
-
 //! Construct a miniscript node as a shared_ptr.
 template<typename... Args> NodeRef MakeNodeRef(Args&&... args) {
     return miniscript::MakeNodeRef<CPubKey>(miniscript::internal::NoDupCheck{}, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
@@ -1018,7 +1015,7 @@ CScript ScriptPubKey(MsCtx ctx, const CScript& script, TaprootBuilder& builder)
 
     // For Taproot outputs we always use a tree with a single script and a dummy internal key.
     builder.Add(0, script, TAPROOT_LEAF_TAPSCRIPT);
-    builder.Finalize(XOnlyPubKey{NUMS_PK});
+    builder.Finalize(XOnlyPubKey::NUMS_H);
     return GetScriptForDestination(builder.GetOutput());
 }
 

src/test/key_tests.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <common/system.h>
 #include <key_io.h>
+#include <span.h>
 #include <streams.h>
 #include <test/util/random.h>
 #include <test/util/setup_common.h>
@@ -364,4 +365,13 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(key_ellswift)
     }
 }
 
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(bip341_test_h)
+{
+    std::vector<unsigned char> G_uncompressed = ParseHex("0479be667ef9dcbbac55a06295ce870b07029bfcdb2dce28d959f2815b16f81798483ada7726a3c4655da4fbfc0e1108a8fd17b448a68554199c47d08ffb10d4b8");
+    HashWriter hw;
+    hw.write(MakeByteSpan(G_uncompressed));
+    XOnlyPubKey H{hw.GetSHA256()};
+    BOOST_CHECK(XOnlyPubKey::NUMS_H == H);
+}
+
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_SUITE_END()

src/test/miniscript_tests.cpp

@@ -288,9 +288,6 @@ class TestSignatureChecker : public BaseSignatureChecker {
     }
 };
 
-//! Public key to be used as internal key for dummy Taproot spends.
-const std::vector<unsigned char> NUMS_PK{ParseHex("50929b74c1a04954b78b4b6035e97a5e078a5a0f28ec96d547bfee9ace803ac0")};
-
 using Fragment = miniscript::Fragment;
 using NodeRef = miniscript::NodeRef<CPubKey>;
 using miniscript::operator"" _mst;
@@ -330,7 +327,7 @@ CScript ScriptPubKey(miniscript::MiniscriptContext ctx, const CScript& script, T
 
     // For Taproot outputs we always use a tree with a single script and a dummy internal key.
     builder.Add(0, script, TAPROOT_LEAF_TAPSCRIPT);
-    builder.Finalize(XOnlyPubKey{NUMS_PK});
+    builder.Finalize(XOnlyPubKey::NUMS_H);
     return GetScriptForDestination(builder.GetOutput());
 }
 

src/test/script_tests.cpp

@@ -1268,8 +1268,7 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(sign_invalid_miniscript)
     const auto invalid_pubkey{ParseHex("173d36c8c9c9c9ffffffffffff0200000000021e1e37373721361818181818181e1e1e1e19000000000000000000b19292929292926b006c9b9b9292")};
     TaprootBuilder builder;
     builder.Add(0, {invalid_pubkey}, 0xc0);
-    XOnlyPubKey nums{ParseHex("50929b74c1a04954b78b4b6035e97a5e078a5a0f28ec96d547bfee9ace803ac0")};
-    builder.Finalize(nums);
+    builder.Finalize(XOnlyPubKey::NUMS_H);
     prev.vout.emplace_back(0, GetScriptForDestination(builder.GetOutput()));
     curr.vin.emplace_back(COutPoint{prev.GetHash(), 0});
     sig_data.tr_spenddata = builder.GetSpendData();

test/functional/feature_framework_unit_tests.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     "crypto.muhash",
     "crypto.poly1305",
     "crypto.ripemd160",
+    "crypto.secp256k1",
     "script",
     "segwit_addr",
     "wallet_util",

test/functional/test_framework/crypto/secp256k1.py

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 * G: the secp256k1 generator point
 """
 
+import unittest
+from hashlib import sha256
 
 class FE:
     """Objects of this class represent elements of the field GF(2**256 - 2**32 - 977).
@@ -344,3 +346,9 @@ def mul(self, a):
 
 # Precomputed table with multiples of G for fast multiplication
 FAST_G = FastGEMul(G)
+
+class TestFrameworkSecp256k1(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_H(self):
+        H = sha256(G.to_bytes_uncompressed()).digest()
+        assert GE.lift_x(FE.from_bytes(H)) is not None
+        self.assertEqual(H.hex(), "50929b74c1a04954b78b4b6035e97a5e078a5a0f28ec96d547bfee9ace803ac0")