Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#27220: doc: update broken str util reference links on developer-notes

da347de doc: update broken links (pablomartin4btc)

Pull request description:

  References to `utilstrencodings` and `lint-locale-dependence.sh` where incorrect, updating them accordingly.

  Also, adding another reference to util function [`LocaleIndependentAtoi`](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/util/strencodings.h#L108-L118), which is related with the updated section of the guide:

  ```
  // LocaleIndependentAtoi is provided for backwards compatibility reasons.
  //
  // New code should use ToIntegral or the ParseInt* functions
  // which provide parse error feedback.
  //
  // The goal of LocaleIndependentAtoi is to replicate the defined behaviour of
  // std::atoi as it behaves under the "C" locale, and remove some undefined
  // behavior. If the parsed value is bigger than the integer type's maximum
  // value, or smaller than the integer type's minimum value, std::atoi has
  // undefined behavior, while this function returns the maximum or minimum
  // values, respectively.
  ```

ACKs for top commit:
  MarcoFalke:
    lgtm ACK da347de

Tree-SHA512: c8f4cd9cff1fb3ea367ac9dbe5aa45dc187fc60114f2e2106e02e0e17fea4ee34d6e0c408fe920c2d8765e06b4dc30c231f0454fa35469c4399e0cadbcd341ba

Author: fanquake

doc/developer-notes.md

@@ -860,12 +860,12 @@ Strings and formatting
     buffer overflows, and surprises with `\0` characters. Also, some C string manipulations
     tend to act differently depending on platform, or even the user locale.
 
-- Use `ParseInt32`, `ParseInt64`, `ParseUInt32`, `ParseUInt64`, `ParseDouble` from `utilstrencodings.h` for number parsing.
+- Use `ToIntegral` from [`strencodings.h`](/src/util/strencodings.h) for number parsing. In legacy code you might also find `ParseInt*` family of functions, `ParseDouble` or `LocaleIndependentAtoi`.
 
   - *Rationale*: These functions do overflow checking and avoid pesky locale issues.
 
 - Avoid using locale dependent functions if possible. You can use the provided
-  [`lint-locale-dependence.sh`](/test/lint/lint-locale-dependence.sh)
+  [`lint-locale-dependence.py`](/test/lint/lint-locale-dependence.py)
   to check for accidental use of locale dependent functions.
 
   - *Rationale*: Unnecessary locale dependence can cause bugs that are very tricky to isolate and fix.