[SPARK-52561][PYTHON][INFRA] Upgrade the minimum version of Python to 3.10

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Upgrade the minimum version of Python to 3.10

### Why are the changes needed?
Python 3.9 is reaching its EOL

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
yes, doc change

### How was this patch tested?
PR builder with upgraded image

https://github.com/zhengruifeng/spark/actions/runs/16064529566/job/45340924656

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
No

Closes #51259 from zhengruifeng/py_min_310.

Authored-by: Ruifeng Zheng <ruifengz@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Dongjoon Hyun <dongjoon@apache.org>

Author: zhengruifeng

.github/workflows/build_python_minimum.yml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
       envs: >-
         {
           "PYSPARK_IMAGE_TO_TEST": "python-minimum",
-          "PYTHON_TO_TEST": "python3.9"
+          "PYTHON_TO_TEST": "python3.10"
         }
       jobs: >-
         {

dev/spark-test-image/python-minimum/Dockerfile

@@ -24,11 +24,12 @@ LABEL org.opencontainers.image.ref.name="Apache Spark Infra Image For PySpark wi
 # Overwrite this label to avoid exposing the underlying Ubuntu OS version label
 LABEL org.opencontainers.image.version=""
 
-ENV FULL_REFRESH_DATE=20250327
+ENV FULL_REFRESH_DATE=20250703
 
 ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 ENV DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN=true
 
+# Should keep the installation consistent with https://apache.github.io/spark/api/python/getting_started/install.html
 RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
     build-essential \
     ca-certificates \
@@ -52,30 +53,19 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
     libxml2-dev \
     openjdk-17-jdk-headless \
     pkg-config \
+    python3.10 \
+    python3-psutil \
     qpdf \
     tzdata \
     software-properties-common \
     wget \
     zlib1g-dev
 
-
-# Should keep the installation consistent with https://apache.github.io/spark/api/python/getting_started/install.html
-
-# Install Python 3.9
-RUN add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
-RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
-    python3.9 \
-    python3.9-distutils \
-    && apt-get autoremove --purge -y \
-    && apt-get clean \
-    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-
-
-ARG BASIC_PIP_PKGS="numpy==1.21 pyarrow==11.0.0 pandas==2.0.0 six==1.16.0 scipy scikit-learn coverage unittest-xml-reporting"
+ARG BASIC_PIP_PKGS="numpy==1.22.4 pyarrow==11.0.0 pandas==2.2.0 six==1.16.0 scipy scikit-learn coverage unittest-xml-reporting"
 # Python deps for Spark Connect
 ARG CONNECT_PIP_PKGS="grpcio==1.67.0 grpcio-status==1.67.0 googleapis-common-protos==1.65.0 graphviz==0.20 protobuf"
 
 # Install Python 3.9 packages
-RUN curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.9
-RUN python3.9 -m pip install --force $BASIC_PIP_PKGS $CONNECT_PIP_PKGS && \
-    python3.9 -m pip cache purge
+RUN curl -sS https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3.10
+RUN python3.10 -m pip install --force $BASIC_PIP_PKGS $CONNECT_PIP_PKGS && \
+    python3.10 -m pip cache purge

python/docs/source/getting_started/install.rst

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ and building from the source.
 Python Versions Supported
 -------------------------
 
-Python 3.9 and above.
+Python 3.10 and above.
 
 
 Using PyPI
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ the same session as pyspark (you can install in several steps too).
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    conda install -c conda-forge pyspark  # can also add "python=3.9 some_package [etc.]" here
+    conda install -c conda-forge pyspark  # can also add "python=3.10 some_package [etc.]" here
 
 Note that `PySpark for conda <https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/pyspark>`_ is maintained
 separately by the community; while new versions generally get packaged quickly, the