ci: add musl builds to the nightly-verify workflow

[eitsupi]

What feature or improvement would you like to see?

A follow up for #3105

Currently the build to musl target is not tested on CI and a bug was overlooked.
It could be tested by adding a build with an Alpine based image to the job.

[lidavidm]

We could add this to the suite of nightly Docker-based tests:

arrow-adbc/.github/workflows/nightly-verify.yml

Lines 187 to 223 in 49fbda1

	source-docker:
	name: "Run Docker Tests"
	runs-on: ubuntu-latest
	steps:
	- uses: actions/checkout@v4
	with:
	fetch-depth: 0
	path: arrow-adbc
	persist-credentials: false
	- name: cpp-clang-latest
	run: |
	pushd arrow-adbc
	docker compose run --rm cpp-clang-latest
	- name: cpp-gcc-latest
	run: |
	pushd arrow-adbc
	docker compose run --rm cpp-gcc-latest
	- name: cpp-shared-no-common-entrypoints-test
	run: |
	pushd arrow-adbc
	docker compose run --rm cpp-shared-no-common-entrypoints-test
	- name: cpp-static-test
	run: |
	pushd arrow-adbc
	docker compose run --rm cpp-static-test
	- name: python-debug
	run: |
	# Need to set this or ASAN inside the container gets stuck
	# printing a loop of DEADLYSIGNAL
	sudo sysctl vm.mmap_rnd_bits=28
	pushd arrow-adbc
	docker compose run -e PYTHON=3.13 --rm python-debug