diff --git a/amaranth/lib/enum.py b/amaranth/lib/enum.py
index 8cb026cfa..135bb58d8 100644
--- a/amaranth/lib/enum.py
+++ b/amaranth/lib/enum.py
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ def __new__(metacls, name, bases, namespace, shape=None, view_class=None, **kwar
         # Prepare enumeration members for instantiation. This logic is unfortunately very
         # convoluted because it supports two very different code paths that need to share
         # the emitted warnings.
-        for member_name, member_value in namespace.items():
-            if py_enum._is_sunder(member_name) or py_enum._is_dunder(member_name):
-                continue
+        # TODO(py3.13): can use `namespace.member_names` property.
+        for member_name in namespace._member_names:
+            member_value = namespace[member_name]
             # If a shape is specified ("Amaranth mode" of amaranth.lib.enum.Enum), then every
             # member value must be a constant-castable expression. Otherwise ("Python mode" of
             # amaranth.lib.enum.Enum) any value goes, since all enumerations accepted by
diff --git a/tests/test_lib_enum.py b/tests/test_lib_enum.py
index 83dd03830..f4fad0d78 100644
--- a/tests/test_lib_enum.py
+++ b/tests/test_lib_enum.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import enum as py_enum
 import operator
 import sys
+import unittest
 
 from amaranth import *
 from amaranth.lib.enum import Enum, EnumMeta, Flag, IntEnum, EnumView, FlagView
@@ -288,3 +289,23 @@ class EnumA(Enum, view_class=CustomView, shape=unsigned(2)):
             B = 1
         a = Signal(EnumA)
         assert isinstance(a, CustomView)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(py_enum, "nonmember"), "Python<3.11 lacks nonmember")
+    def test_enum_member_nonmember(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            TypeError, r"^Value \{\} of enumeration member 'x' must.*$"
+        ):
+            class EnumA(IntEnum, shape=4):
+                A = 1
+                x = {}
+
+        empty = {}
+        class EnumA(IntEnum, shape=4):
+            A = 1
+            x = py_enum.nonmember(empty)
+        self.assertIs(empty, EnumA.x)
+
+        class EnumB(IntEnum, shape=4):
+            A = 1
+            B = py_enum.member(2)
+        self.assertIs(2, EnumB.B.value)