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add note in SQL
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‎CONCAT Function in SQL.txt

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// CONCAT()
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(column_name1,column_name2)-> IT joints two column.
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.-> FORMAT(column_name,format_type) -> function is used to format how a field is to be displayed.
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// CONCAT()
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ex:SELECT name, CONCAT (address,fees) from student_reg;
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+---------+-----------------------+
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| name | CONCAT (address,fees) |
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+---------+-----------------------+
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| RAM | KTM100000.23 |
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| SITA | KTM200000.12 |
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| HARI | PKR10000.52 |
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| BIMAl | KTM100200.00 |
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| SITA KC | PKR20000.12 |
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+---------+-----------------------+

‎Count Function in SQL.txt

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// COUNT()
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-> The COUNT(column_name) Function returns the number of values (NULL) values will not
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be counted of the specified ciolumn:
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ex: SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name;
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output: SELECT COUNT(s_id) FROM student_reg;
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+-------------+
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| COUNT(s_id) |
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+-------------+
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| 5 |
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+-------------+
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Count(*) function returns the number of records in a table.
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ex: SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name;
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output: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM student_reg;
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+----------+
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| COUNT(*) |
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+----------+
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| 5 |
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+----------+
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The COUNT(DISTINCT Column_name) function returns the number of distinct values of the specified column.
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SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT column_name) FROM table_name;
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ex:SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT s_id) FROM student_reg;
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+----------------------+
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| COUNT(DISTINCT s_id) |
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+----------------------+
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| 5 |
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+----------------------+

‎DECIMAL datatype in SQL.txt

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// decimal
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-> Syntax: column_name DECIMAL (T,D);
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where
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T = Total digits. Range 1-65
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D= digits after decimal. Range 0-30 and must not be more than T.
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Ex: price DECIMAL(5,2)
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1234.12
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DEC,NUMERIC,FIXED
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1. Column_name DECIMAL (T,D)
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-T = Total digits. Range 1-65.
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-D = digits after decimal. Range 0-30 and must not be more than T.
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2.Column_name DECIMAL (T);
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3. Column_name DECIMAL (T,0);
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4. column_name DECIMAL;
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-default T = 10;
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syntax: CREATE TABLE product(id int AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, pname varchar(50),price DECIMAL(4,2));
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ex: INSERT INTO product('computer',123.22);
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// Zerofill
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CREATE TABLE product(id int AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, pname varchar(50), price DECIMAL(5,4) ZEROFILL);

‎MID and LENGTH function in SQL.txt

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// MID and LENGTH function
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.->MID(column_name,start,length) or SUBSTRING (column_name,start,lenght) -> Function is used to extract characters from a text field.
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ex: SELECT name, MID(name,2,4) from student_reg;
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+---------+---------------+
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| name | MID(name,2,4) |
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+---------+---------------+
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| RAM | AM |
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| SITA | ITA |
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| HARI | ARI |
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| BIMAl | IMAl |
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| SITA KC | ITA |
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+---------+---------------+
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.-> LENGTH(column_name)-> the length of the value in a text field.
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ex: SELECT name, LENGTH(name) from student_reg;
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+---------+--------------+
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| name | LENGTH(name) |
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+---------+--------------+
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| RAM | 3 |
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| SITA | 4 |
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| HARI | 4 |
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| BIMAl | 5 |
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| SITA KC | 7 |
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+---------+--------------+

‎MIN and MAX function in SQL.txt

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// Min and max Function
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MIN (column_name) -> Smallest value of the selected column.
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MAX (column_name) -> Largest value of the selected column.
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SUM (column_name) -> The total sum of numeric column.
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AVG(column_name) -> The average value of a numeric column.
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SQRT (colum_name) -> The square root of a numeric column.
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ROUND(column_name,decimal) -> function is used to round a numeric field to the number of decimals specified.
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// Min
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Ex: SELECT MIN(marks) FROM student_reg;
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+------------+
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| MIN(marks) |
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+------------+
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| 250 |
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+------------+
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// MAX
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ex:SELECT MAX(marks) FROM student_reg;
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+------------+
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| MAX(marks) |
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+------------+
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| 450 |
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+------------+
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//sum
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SELECT SUM(fees) FROM student_reg;
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+-----------+
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| SUM(fees) |
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+-----------+
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| 430200.99 |
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+-----------+
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// AVG
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ex: SELECT AVG(fees) FROM student_reg;
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+--------------+
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| AVG(fees) |
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+--------------+
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| 86040.198000 |
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+--------------+
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// SQRT
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SELECT fees, SQRT(fees) FROM student_reg;
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+-----------+--------------------+
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| fees | SQRT(fees) |
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+-----------+--------------------+
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| 100000.23 | 316.22812967855975 |
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| 200000.12 | 447.21372966401645 |
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| 10000.52 | 100.00259996620088 |
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| 100200.00 | 316.54383582688826 |
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| 20000.12 | 141.42178050074182 |
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+-----------+--------------------+

‎Now Function in SQL.txt

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// NOW function
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.-> NOW() -> Function returns the current system date and time.
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ex:select name,dob, NOW() from student_reg;
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+---------+------------+---------------------+
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| name | dob | NOW() |
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+---------+------------+---------------------+
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| RAM | 1998-12-15 | 2024-04-22 18:15:09 |
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| SITA | 2001-10-11 | 2024-04-22 18:15:09 |
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| HARI | 2001-01-12 | 2024-04-22 18:15:09 |
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| BIMAl | NULL | 2024-04-22 18:15:09 |
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| SITA KC | 1998-02-02 | 2024-04-22 18:15:09 |
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+---------+------------+---------------------+

‎ROUND function in SQL.txt

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// Round function
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ROUND(column_name,decimal) -> function is used to round a numeric field to the number of decimals specified.
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ex: select * , ROUND(fees,1) from student_reg;
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+------+---------+---------+------------+-----------+------+--------+-------+---------------+
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| s_id | name | address | dob | fees | id | result | marks | ROUND(fees,1) |
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+------+---------+---------+------------+-----------+------+--------+-------+---------------+
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| 101 | RAM | KTM | 1998-12-15 | 100000.23 | 1001 | SECOND | 300 | 100000.2 |
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| 102 | SITA | KTM | 2001-10-11 | 200000.12 | NULL | SECOND | 400 | 200000.1 |
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| 103 | HARI | PKR | 2001-01-12 | 10000.52 | NULL | FIRST | 450 | 10000.5 |
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| 104 | BIMAl | KTM | NULL | 100200.00 | NULL | THIRD | 250 | 100200.0 |
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| 106 | SITA KC | PKR | 1998-02-02 | 20000.12 | NULL | SECOND | 340 | 20000.1 |
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+------+---------+---------+------------+-----------+------+--------+-------+---------------+

‎Reverse function in SQL.txt

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//REVERSE function()
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.-> REVERSE(column_name) -> It reverse the order of letter in string.
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ex: SELECT name, REVERSE (name) from student_reg;
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+---------+----------------+
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| name | REVERSE (name) |
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+---------+----------------+
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| RAM | MAR |
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| SITA | ATIS |
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| HARI | IRAH |
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| BIMAl | lAMIB |
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| SITA KC | CK ATIS |
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+---------+----------------+

‎Upper and Lower function in SQL.txt

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// Upper and Lower function
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.-> UPPER(column_name) or UCASE(column_name) -> Converts the value of a filed to uppercase.
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.-> Lower(column_name) or LCASE(column_name) -> Converts the value of a file to lowercase.
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// UPPER CASE
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ex: SELECT UPPER(name) from student_reg;
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+-------------+
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| UPPER(name) |
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+-------------+
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| RAM |
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| SITA |
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| HARI |
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| BIMAL |
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| SITA KC |
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+-------------+
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// LOWER CASE
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ex:SELECT LOWER(name) from student_reg;
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+-------------+
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| LOWER(name) |
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+-------------+
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| ram |
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| sita |
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| hari |
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| bimal |
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| sita kc |
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+-------------+

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