Amphetamines + MDMA

[zelixir25]

It has been suggested to reclassify this combination as Caution due to the increased risk of compulsive redosing.

Not sure if there are any sources out there for this but will need to research a bit.

[zelixir25]

Mohamed, et al. (2011) mentions meth and MDMA, though only in terms of chronic use of both. Will need to read the papers they've cited to see if there's more info on that.

"Regular use of MDMA + METH has been reported to cause severe long term cognitive, behavioral, and neurological changes (Brecht and von Mayrhauser, 2002, Reneman et al., 2002). From a neurochemical point of view, chronic MDMA + METH use reduces striatal DAT densities compared to MDMA alone (Reneman et al., 2002). MDMA + METH neurotoxicity may be caused by oxidative stress and free radical production via exhaustion of endogenous free-radical scavenging processes (Hanson et al., 2004)."

Gouzoulis-Mayfrank and Daumann (2009) indicates there may be a higher risk of neurotoxicity. This is an older study so will want to see what more recent studies suggest (if there are any). They do note that the compulsive redosing/binge use of these substances may reach the dose levels we see in rat studies. Nothing terribly conclusive overall.

Clemens, et al. (2007) is a rat study that indicates meth and amph may be more neurotoxic.

Overall, it would be nice to have some more recent studies (especially HUMAN STUDIES) to make a more definitive conclusion. In any case, it seems that reclassification is warranted at least to Caution, if not Unsafe.

Clemens, K. J., McGREGOR, I. S., Hunt, G. E., & Cornish, J. L. (2007). MDMA, methamphetamine and their combination: possible lessons for party drug users from recent preclinical research. Drug and Alcohol Review, 26(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230601036945

Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E., & Daumann, J. (2009). Neurotoxicity of drugs of abuse - the case of methylenedioxy amphetamines (MDMA, ecstasy ), and amphetamines. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 11(3), 305–317. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.3/egmayfrank

Mohamed, W. M. Y., Hamida, S. B., Cassel, J.-C., de Vasconcelos, A. P., & Jones, B. C. (2011). MDMA: Interactions with other psychoactive drugs. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 99(4), 759–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2011.06.032