diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/devtools/BUILD.bazel b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/devtools/BUILD.bazel
index 351d22c5781ba..e2aa19ae7e1f8 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/devtools/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/devtools/BUILD.bazel
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ java_library(
     deps = [
         "//java/src/org/openqa/selenium:core",
         "//java/src/org/openqa/selenium/json",
+        "@maven//:org_jspecify_jspecify",
     ],
 )
 
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ java_library(
         "//java/src/org/openqa/selenium:core",
         "//java/src/org/openqa/selenium/json",
         "//java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/http",
+        "@maven//:org_jspecify_jspecify",
     ],
 )
 
diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/devtools/RequestFailedException.java b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/devtools/RequestFailedException.java
index 6ffef0c946fc3..322d610b28951 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/devtools/RequestFailedException.java
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/devtools/RequestFailedException.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 package org.openqa.selenium.devtools;
 
+import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
 import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter;
 import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.HttpHandler;
@@ -26,4 +27,5 @@
  * browser fails to send a HTTP request. It can be caught in a {@link Filter} to handle the error
  * by, for example, returning a custom HTTP response.
  */
+@NullMarked
 public class RequestFailedException extends WebDriverException {}
diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/sessionmap/jdbc/BUILD.bazel b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/sessionmap/jdbc/BUILD.bazel
index c87659c3bb941..821a4e5d9b64e 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/sessionmap/jdbc/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/sessionmap/jdbc/BUILD.bazel
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ java_export(
         "//java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid",
         "//java/src/org/openqa/selenium/json",
         "//java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote",
+        "@maven//:org_jspecify_jspecify",
         artifact("com.beust:jcommander"),
         artifact("com.google.guava:guava"),
     ],
diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/sessionmap/jdbc/JdbcException.java b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/sessionmap/jdbc/JdbcException.java
index 7b98a504bcc40..6cb0c694be40f 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/sessionmap/jdbc/JdbcException.java
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/grid/sessionmap/jdbc/JdbcException.java
@@ -17,22 +17,25 @@
 
 package org.openqa.selenium.grid.sessionmap.jdbc;
 
+import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
 
+@NullMarked
 public class JdbcException extends WebDriverException {
   public JdbcException() {
     super();
   }
 
-  public JdbcException(String message) {
+  public JdbcException(@Nullable String message) {
     super(message);
   }
 
-  public JdbcException(Throwable cause) {
+  public JdbcException(@Nullable Throwable cause) {
     super(cause);
   }
 
-  public JdbcException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+  public JdbcException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
     super(message, cause);
   }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/NoSuchDriverException.java b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/NoSuchDriverException.java
index 359f2458b60b0..c3ad3ea114e00 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/NoSuchDriverException.java
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/NoSuchDriverException.java
@@ -17,19 +17,22 @@
 
 package org.openqa.selenium.remote;
 
+import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
 import org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverFinder;
 
 /** Thrown by {@link DriverFinder#getDriverPath()} (DriverService, Capabilities)}. */
+@NullMarked
 public class NoSuchDriverException extends WebDriverException {
 
   private static final String SUPPORT_URL = BASE_SUPPORT_URL + "/driver_location/";
 
-  public NoSuchDriverException(String reason) {
+  public NoSuchDriverException(@Nullable String reason) {
     super(reason);
   }
 
-  public NoSuchDriverException(String reason, Throwable cause) {
+  public NoSuchDriverException(@Nullable String reason, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
     super(reason, cause);
   }
 
diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/UnreachableBrowserException.java b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/UnreachableBrowserException.java
index 005edb47486a1..a86a83c0711ff 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/UnreachableBrowserException.java
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/UnreachableBrowserException.java
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 
 package org.openqa.selenium.remote;
 
+import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
 
 /**
@@ -33,12 +35,13 @@
  *
  * 1)
  */
+@NullMarked
 public class UnreachableBrowserException extends WebDriverException {
-  public UnreachableBrowserException(String message) {
+  public UnreachableBrowserException(@Nullable String message) {
     super(message);
   }
 
-  public UnreachableBrowserException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+  public UnreachableBrowserException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
     super(message, cause);
   }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/http/BUILD.bazel b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/http/BUILD.bazel
index e3a780dbbbbec..128a2e2262988 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/http/BUILD.bazel
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/http/BUILD.bazel
@@ -19,5 +19,6 @@ java_export(
         "//java:auto-service",
         "//java/src/org/openqa/selenium:core",
         "//java/src/org/openqa/selenium/json",
+        "@maven//:org_jspecify_jspecify",
     ],
 )
diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/http/ConnectionFailedException.java b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/http/ConnectionFailedException.java
index 696bc6705d42e..18730585e0c39 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/http/ConnectionFailedException.java
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/remote/http/ConnectionFailedException.java
@@ -17,15 +17,18 @@
 
 package org.openqa.selenium.remote.http;
 
+import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
 
+@NullMarked
 public class ConnectionFailedException extends WebDriverException {
 
-  public ConnectionFailedException(String message) {
+  public ConnectionFailedException(@Nullable String message) {
     super(message);
   }
 
-  public ConnectionFailedException(String message, Throwable cause) {
+  public ConnectionFailedException(@Nullable String message, @Nullable Throwable cause) {
     super(message, cause);
   }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/safari/ConnectionClosedException.java b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/safari/ConnectionClosedException.java
index 2fda07c64c3c8..696b8696a3fb8 100644
--- a/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/safari/ConnectionClosedException.java
+++ b/java/src/org/openqa/selenium/safari/ConnectionClosedException.java
@@ -17,12 +17,15 @@
 
 package org.openqa.selenium.safari;
 
+import org.jspecify.annotations.NullMarked;
+import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
 
 /** Exception thrown when the connection to the SafariDriver is lost. */
+@NullMarked
 public class ConnectionClosedException extends WebDriverException {
 
-  public ConnectionClosedException(String message) {
+  public ConnectionClosedException(@Nullable String message) {
     super(message);
   }
 }