Rearrange the pipeline of pow to gain efficiency

The check of the `exp` parameter seems useless if we execute the while-loop more than once.
The original implementation of `pow` function using one more comparison if the `exp==0` and may break the pipeline of the cpu, which may generate a slower code.
The performance gap between the old and the new implementation may be small, but IMO, at least the newer one looks more beautiful.

---

bench prog:
```
#![feature(test)]
extern crate test;
#[macro_export]macro_rules! timing{
($a:expr)=>{let time=std::time::Instant::now();{$a;}print!("{:?} ",time.elapsed())};
($a:expr,$b:literal)=>{let time=std::time::Instant::now();let mut a=0;for _ in 0..$b{a^=$a;}print!("{:?} {} ",time.elapsed(),a)}
}
#[inline]
pub fn pow_rust(x:i64, mut exp: u32) -> i64 {
    let mut base = x;
    let mut acc = 1;
    while exp > 1 {
        if (exp & 1) == 1 {
            acc = acc * base;
        }
        exp /= 2;
        base = base * base;
    }
    if exp == 1 {
        acc = acc * base;
    }
    acc
}
#[inline]
pub fn pow_new(x:i64, mut exp: u32) -> i64 {
    if exp==0{
        1
    }else{
        let mut base = x;
        let mut acc = 1;
        while exp > 1 {
            if (exp & 1) == 1 {
                acc = acc * base;
            }
            exp >>= 1;
            base = base * base;
        }
        acc * base
    }
}

fn main(){
let a=2i64;
let b=1_u32;
println!();
timing!(test::black_box(a).pow(test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_new(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_rust(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
println!();
timing!(test::black_box(a).pow(test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_new(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_rust(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
println!();
timing!(test::black_box(a).pow(test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_new(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_rust(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
println!();
timing!(test::black_box(a).pow(test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_new(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_rust(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
println!();
timing!(test::black_box(a).pow(test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_new(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_rust(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
println!();
timing!(test::black_box(a).pow(test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_new(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_rust(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
println!();
timing!(test::black_box(a).pow(test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_new(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_rust(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
println!();
timing!(test::black_box(a).pow(test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_new(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
timing!(pow_rust(test::black_box(a),test::black_box(b)),100000000);
println!();
}
```
bench in my laptop:
```
neutron@Neutron:/me/rust$ rc commit.rs
rustc commit.rs  && ./commit

3.978419716s 0 4.079765171s 0 3.964630622s 0 
3.997127013s 0 4.260304804s 0 3.997638211s 0 
3.963195544s 0 4.11657718s 0 4.176054164s 0 
3.830128579s 0 3.980396122s 0 3.937258567s 0 
3.986055948s 0 4.127804162s 0 4.018943411s 0 
4.185568857s 0 4.217512517s 0 3.98313603s 0 
3.863018225s 0 4.030447988s 0 3.694878237s 0 
4.206987927s 0 4.137608047s 0 4.115564664s 0 
neutron@Neutron:/me/rust$ rc commit.rs -O
rustc commit.rs -O && ./commit

162.111993ms 0 165.107125ms 0 166.26924ms 0 
175.20479ms 0 205.062565ms 0 176.278791ms 0 
174.408975ms 0 166.526899ms 0 201.857604ms 0 
146.190062ms 0 168.592821ms 0 154.61411ms 0 
199.678912ms 0 168.411598ms 0 162.129996ms 0 
147.420765ms 0 209.759326ms 0 154.807907ms 0 
165.507134ms 0 188.476239ms 0 157.351524ms 0 
121.320123ms 0 126.401229ms 0 114.86428ms 0 
```

Author: Neutron3529

src/libcore/num/mod.rs

@@ -1103,6 +1103,9 @@ $EndFeature, "
                           without modifying the original"]
             #[inline]
             pub const fn checked_pow(self, mut exp: u32) -> Option<Self> {
+                if exp == 0 {
+                    return Some(1);
+                }
                 let mut base = self;
                 let mut acc: Self = 1;
 
@@ -1113,15 +1116,11 @@ $EndFeature, "
                     exp /= 2;
                     base = try_opt!(base.checked_mul(base));
                 }
-
+                // since exp!=0, finally the exp must be 1.
                 // Deal with the final bit of the exponent separately, since
                 // squaring the base afterwards is not necessary and may cause a
                 // needless overflow.
-                if exp == 1 {
-                    acc = try_opt!(acc.checked_mul(base));
-                }
-
-                Some(acc)
+                Some(try_opt!(acc.checked_mul(base)))
             }
         }
 
@@ -1631,6 +1630,9 @@ $EndFeature, "
                           without modifying the original"]
             #[inline]
             pub const fn wrapping_pow(self, mut exp: u32) -> Self {
+                if exp == 0 {
+                    return 1;
+                }
                 let mut base = self;
                 let mut acc: Self = 1;
 
@@ -1641,15 +1643,12 @@ $EndFeature, "
                     exp /= 2;
                     base = base.wrapping_mul(base);
                 }
-
+                
+                // since exp!=0, finally the exp must be 1.
                 // Deal with the final bit of the exponent separately, since
                 // squaring the base afterwards is not necessary and may cause a
                 // needless overflow.
-                if exp == 1 {
-                    acc = acc.wrapping_mul(base);
-                }
-
-                acc
+                acc.wrapping_mul(base);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1999,6 +1998,9 @@ $EndFeature, "
                           without modifying the original"]
             #[inline]
             pub const fn overflowing_pow(self, mut exp: u32) -> (Self, bool) {
+                if exp == 0 {
+                    return (1,false);
+                }
                 let mut base = self;
                 let mut acc: Self = 1;
                 let mut overflown = false;
@@ -2016,17 +2018,14 @@ $EndFeature, "
                     base = r.0;
                     overflown |= r.1;
                 }
-
+                
+                // since exp!=0, finally the exp must be 1.
                 // Deal with the final bit of the exponent separately, since
                 // squaring the base afterwards is not necessary and may cause a
                 // needless overflow.
-                if exp == 1 {
-                    r = acc.overflowing_mul(base);
-                    acc = r.0;
-                    overflown |= r.1;
-                }
-
-                (acc, overflown)
+                r = acc.overflowing_mul(base);
+                r.1 |= overflown;
+                r
             }
         }
 
@@ -2050,6 +2049,9 @@ $EndFeature, "
             #[inline]
             #[rustc_inherit_overflow_checks]
             pub const fn pow(self, mut exp: u32) -> Self {
+                if exp == 0 {
+                    return 1;
+                }
                 let mut base = self;
                 let mut acc = 1;
 
@@ -2061,14 +2063,11 @@ $EndFeature, "
                     base = base * base;
                 }
 
+                // since exp!=0, finally the exp must be 1.
                 // Deal with the final bit of the exponent separately, since
                 // squaring the base afterwards is not necessary and may cause a
                 // needless overflow.
-                if exp == 1 {
-                    acc = acc * base;
-                }
-
-                acc
+                acc * base
             }
         }
 
@@ -3306,6 +3305,9 @@ assert_eq!(", stringify!($SelfT), "::MAX.checked_pow(2), None);", $EndFeature, "
                           without modifying the original"]
             #[inline]
             pub const fn checked_pow(self, mut exp: u32) -> Option<Self> {
+                if exp == 0 {
+                    return Some(1);
+                }
                 let mut base = self;
                 let mut acc: Self = 1;
 
@@ -3317,14 +3319,12 @@ assert_eq!(", stringify!($SelfT), "::MAX.checked_pow(2), None);", $EndFeature, "
                     base = try_opt!(base.checked_mul(base));
                 }
 
+                // since exp!=0, finally the exp must be 1.
                 // Deal with the final bit of the exponent separately, since
                 // squaring the base afterwards is not necessary and may cause a
                 // needless overflow.
-                if exp == 1 {
-                    acc = try_opt!(acc.checked_mul(base));
-                }
 
-                Some(acc)
+                Some(try_opt!(acc.checked_mul(base)))
             }
         }
 
@@ -3715,6 +3715,9 @@ assert_eq!(3u8.wrapping_pow(6), 217);", $EndFeature, "
                           without modifying the original"]
             #[inline]
             pub const fn wrapping_pow(self, mut exp: u32) -> Self {
+                if exp == 0 {
+                    return 1;
+                }
                 let mut base = self;
                 let mut acc: Self = 1;
 
@@ -3726,14 +3729,11 @@ assert_eq!(3u8.wrapping_pow(6), 217);", $EndFeature, "
                     base = base.wrapping_mul(base);
                 }
 
+                // since exp!=0, finally the exp must be 1.
                 // Deal with the final bit of the exponent separately, since
                 // squaring the base afterwards is not necessary and may cause a
                 // needless overflow.
-                if exp == 1 {
-                    acc = acc.wrapping_mul(base);
-                }
-
-                acc
+                acc.wrapping_mul(base)
             }
         }
 
@@ -4058,16 +4058,14 @@ assert_eq!(3u8.overflowing_pow(6), (217, true));", $EndFeature, "
                     overflown |= r.1;
                 }
 
+                // since exp!=0, finally the exp must be 1.
                 // Deal with the final bit of the exponent separately, since
                 // squaring the base afterwards is not necessary and may cause a
                 // needless overflow.
-                if exp == 1 {
-                    r = acc.overflowing_mul(base);
-                    acc = r.0;
-                    overflown |= r.1;
-                }
+                r = acc.overflowing_mul(base);
+                r.1 |= overflown;
 
-                (acc, overflown)
+                r
             }
         }
 
@@ -4088,6 +4086,9 @@ Basic usage:
         #[inline]
         #[rustc_inherit_overflow_checks]
         pub const fn pow(self, mut exp: u32) -> Self {
+            if exp == 0 {
+                return 1;
+            }
             let mut base = self;
             let mut acc = 1;
 
@@ -4099,14 +4100,11 @@ Basic usage:
                 base = base * base;
             }
 
+            // since exp!=0, finally the exp must be 1.
             // Deal with the final bit of the exponent separately, since
             // squaring the base afterwards is not necessary and may cause a
             // needless overflow.
-            if exp == 1 {
-                acc = acc * base;
-            }
-
-            acc
+            acc * base
         }
     }