From 6cddb1ffb942a1e2b3249637cd91ba994dfb9090 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aayush Sabharwal <aayush.sabharwal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2025 12:16:29 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] build: add `ReadOnlyArrays`, `ReadOnlyDicts`

---
 Project.toml         | 4 ++++
 src/SymbolicUtils.jl | 2 ++
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Project.toml b/Project.toml
index cbc04c758..3ec83ad17 100644
--- a/Project.toml
+++ b/Project.toml
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ LabelledArrays = "2ee39098-c373-598a-b85f-a56591580800"
 LinearAlgebra = "37e2e46d-f89d-539d-b4ee-838fcccc9c8e"
 MultivariatePolynomials = "102ac46a-7ee4-5c85-9060-abc95bfdeaa3"
 NaNMath = "77ba4419-2d1f-58cd-9bb1-8ffee604a2e3"
+ReadOnlyArrays = "988b38a3-91fc-5605-94a2-ee2116b3bd83"
+ReadOnlyDicts = "795d4caa-f5a7-4580-b5d8-c01d53451803"
 Setfield = "efcf1570-3423-57d1-acb7-fd33fddbac46"
 SparseArrays = "2f01184e-e22b-5df5-ae63-d93ebab69eaf"
 SpecialFunctions = "276daf66-3868-5448-9aa4-cd146d93841b"
@@ -52,6 +54,8 @@ LabelledArrays = "1.5"
 MultivariatePolynomials = "0.5"
 NaNMath = "0.3, 1.1.2"
 OhMyThreads = "0.7"
+ReadOnlyArrays = "0.2.0"
+ReadOnlyDicts = "1.0.0"
 ReverseDiff = "1"
 Setfield = "0.7, 0.8, 1"
 SpecialFunctions = "0.10, 1.0, 2"
diff --git a/src/SymbolicUtils.jl b/src/SymbolicUtils.jl
index f965be206..0bfc30a8c 100644
--- a/src/SymbolicUtils.jl
+++ b/src/SymbolicUtils.jl
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ import ArrayInterface
 using WeakValueDicts: WeakValueDict
 import ExproniconLite as EL
 import TaskLocalValues: TaskLocalValue
+using ReadOnlyArrays
+using ReadOnlyDicts
 
 include("cache.jl")
 Base.@deprecate istree iscall

From 1d663ebdbbb959fa46bda3c40f792c05f673e0ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aayush Sabharwal <aayush.sabharwal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2025 12:16:48 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] refactor: store `dict` as `ReadOnlyDict`

---
 src/types.jl | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/types.jl b/src/types.jl
index 152a97290..35db9d497 100644
--- a/src/types.jl
+++ b/src/types.jl
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ sdict(kv...) = Dict{Any, Any}(kv...)
 using Base: RefValue
 const EMPTY_ARGS = []
 const EMPTY_HASH = RefValue(UInt(0))
-const EMPTY_DICT = sdict()
+const EMPTY_DICT = ReadOnlyDict(sdict())
 const EMPTY_DICT_T = typeof(EMPTY_DICT)
 const ENABLE_HASHCONSING = Ref(true)
 

From 08860742b1e086f172dc9da2ec9759a57fe62be0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aayush Sabharwal <aayush.sabharwal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2025 12:17:02 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] refactor: better error message for `setproperty!`

---
 src/types.jl | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/types.jl b/src/types.jl
index 35db9d497..852833fb2 100644
--- a/src/types.jl
+++ b/src/types.jl
@@ -62,6 +62,10 @@ const ENABLE_HASHCONSING = Ref(true)
     end
 end
 
+function Base.setproperty!(x::BasicSymbolic, sym::Symbol, v)
+    error("Mutating `BasicSymbolic` is not allowed")
+end
+
 function SymbolicIndexingInterface.symbolic_type(::Type{<:BasicSymbolic})
     ScalarSymbolic()
 end

From f4a69770060770c7248442d08b87cf571dc9a210 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aayush Sabharwal <aayush.sabharwal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2025 12:17:25 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] refactor: return `ReadOnlyVector` from
 `arguments`/`sorted_arguments`

---
 src/types.jl | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/types.jl b/src/types.jl
index 852833fb2..1f25c073a 100644
--- a/src/types.jl
+++ b/src/types.jl
@@ -151,8 +151,8 @@ end
 
 @inline head(x::BasicSymbolic) = operation(x)
 
-@cache function TermInterface.sorted_arguments(x::BasicSymbolic)::Vector{Any}
-    args = copy(arguments(x))
+@cache function TermInterface.sorted_arguments(x::BasicSymbolic)::ReadOnlyVector{Any}
+    args = copy(parent(arguments(x)))
     @compactified x::BasicSymbolic begin
         Add => @goto ADD
         Mul => @goto MUL
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ end
 
 TermInterface.children(x::BasicSymbolic) = arguments(x)
 TermInterface.sorted_children(x::BasicSymbolic) = sorted_arguments(x)
-function TermInterface.arguments(x::BasicSymbolic)
+function TermInterface.arguments(x::BasicSymbolic)::ReadOnlyVector{Any}
     @compactified x::BasicSymbolic begin
         Term => return x.arguments
         Add  => @goto ADDMUL

From 1be91d113bfcc384e28e71894ad58d9143d6b030 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aayush Sabharwal <aayush.sabharwal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2025 12:17:41 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] refactor: remove `unwrap_arr!`, `unwrap_dict`

---
 src/types.jl | 16 ----------------
 1 file changed, 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/types.jl b/src/types.jl
index 1f25c073a..7cae07140 100644
--- a/src/types.jl
+++ b/src/types.jl
@@ -558,17 +558,10 @@ function Sym{T}(name::Symbol; kw...) where {T}
     BasicSymbolic(s)
 end
 
-function unwrap_arr!(arr)
-    for i in eachindex(arr)
-        arr[i] = unwrap(arr[i])
-    end
-end
-
 function Term{T}(f, args; kw...) where T
     if eltype(args) !== Any
         args = convert(Vector{Any}, args)
     end
-    unwrap_arr!(args)
 
     s = Term{T}(;f=f, arguments=args, hash=Ref(UInt(0)), hash2=Ref(UInt(0)), kw...)
     BasicSymbolic(s)
@@ -578,16 +571,8 @@ function Term(f, args; metadata=NO_METADATA)
     Term{_promote_symtype(f, args)}(f, args, metadata=metadata)
 end
 
-function unwrap_dict(dict)
-    if any(k -> unwrap(k) !== k, keys(dict))
-        return typeof(dict)(unwrap(k) => v for (k, v) in dict)
-    end
-    return dict
-end
-
 function Add(::Type{T}, coeff, dict; metadata=NO_METADATA, kw...) where T
     coeff = unwrap(coeff)
-    dict = unwrap_dict(dict)
     if isempty(dict)
         return coeff
     elseif _iszero(coeff) && length(dict) == 1
@@ -606,7 +591,6 @@ end
 
 function Mul(T, a, b; metadata=NO_METADATA, kw...)
     a = unwrap(a)
-    b = unwrap_dict(b)
     isempty(b) && return a
     if _isone(a) && length(b) == 1
         pair = first(b)

From bffa87e5f5194a8fb69c466441187fd664285b2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aayush Sabharwal <aayush.sabharwal@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2025 12:17:59 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] fix: handle new read-only results

---
 docs/src/manual/rewrite.md | 2 +-
 src/polyform.jl            | 6 +++---
 src/types.jl               | 4 ++++
 3 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/src/manual/rewrite.md b/docs/src/manual/rewrite.md
index 047bef71a..05d18e82a 100644
--- a/docs/src/manual/rewrite.md
+++ b/docs/src/manual/rewrite.md
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ If you want to match a variable number of subexpressions at once, you will need
 @rule(+(~~xs) => ~~xs)(x + y + z)
 
 # output
-3-element view(::Vector{Any}, 1:3) with eltype Any:
+3-element view(::ReadOnlyArrays.ReadOnlyVector{Any, Vector{Any}}, 1:3) with eltype Any:
  z
  y
  x
diff --git a/src/polyform.jl b/src/polyform.jl
index 7d6bc906e..d41fa2070 100644
--- a/src/polyform.jl
+++ b/src/polyform.jl
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ end
 # ismul(x)
 function quick_mul(x, y)
     if haskey(x.dict, y) && x.dict[y] >= 1
-        d = copy(x.dict)
+        d = copy(parent(x.dict))
         if d[y] > 1
             d[y] -= 1
         elseif d[y] == 1
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@ end
 function quick_mulpow(x, y)
     y.exp isa Number || return (x, y)
     if haskey(x.dict, y.base)
-        d = copy(x.dict)
+        d = copy(parent(x.dict))
         if x.dict[y.base] > y.exp
             d[y.base] -= y.exp
             den = 1
@@ -509,7 +509,7 @@ end
 
 # Double mul case
 function quick_mulmul(x, y)
-    num_dict, den_dict = _merge_div(x.dict, y.dict)
+    num_dict, den_dict = _merge_div(parent(x.dict), parent(y.dict))
     Mul(symtype(x), x.coeff, num_dict), Mul(symtype(y), y.coeff, den_dict)
 end
 
diff --git a/src/types.jl b/src/types.jl
index 7cae07140..3b1d23276 100644
--- a/src/types.jl
+++ b/src/types.jl
@@ -1330,6 +1330,10 @@ function _merge!(f::F, d, others...; filter=x->false) where F
     acc
 end
 
+function mapvalues(f, d1::ReadOnlyDict)
+    mapvalues(f, parent(d1))
+end
+
 function mapvalues(f, d1::AbstractDict)
     d = copy(d1)
     for (k, v) in d