Error with create a game 2048. May be in repo_to_markdown.py #1895
Description
Bug description
Error with create a game 2048. May be in repo_to_markdown.py
Environment information
-
LLM type and model name: gpt-4o
-
System version: Windows 10
-
Python version: 3.10.19
-
MetaGPT version or branch: latest/main
-
packages version: repo_to_markdown.py
-
installation method: pip install from source
Screenshots or logs
(MetaGPT) PS D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT> metagpt "Create a 2048 game"
2025-11-02 20:33:15.357 | INFO | metagpt.const:get_metagpt_package_root:15 - Package root set to D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT
2025-11-02 20:33:15.358 | INFO | metagpt.const:get_metagpt_package_root:15 - Package root set to D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT
C:\Users\Rex\miniconda3\envs\MetaGPT\lib\site-packages\google\api_core_python_version_support.py:266: FutureWarning: You are using a Python version (3.10.19) which Google will stop supporting in new releases of google.api_core once it reaches its end of life (2026-10-04). Please upgrade to the latest Python version, or at least Python 3.11, to continue receiving updates for google.api_core past that date.
warnings.warn(message, FutureWarning)
C:\Users\Rex\miniconda3\envs\MetaGPT\lib\site-packages\pydantic\main.py:214: UserWarning: A custom validator is returning a value other than self.
Returning anything other than self from a top level model validator isn't supported when validating via __init__.
See the model_validator docs (https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#model-validators) for more details.
warnings.warn(
2025-11-02 20:33:26.979 | INFO | metagpt.team:invest:96 - Investment: $3.0.
Thought: Creating a 2048 game involves software development, which requires multiple steps and potentially the use of tools for coding and testing.
Response Category: TASK.
2025-11-02 20:33:29.442 | INFO | metagpt.utils.cost_manager:update_cost:57 - Total running cost: $0.006 | Max budget: $3.000 | Current cost: $0.006, prompt_tokens: 1059, completion_tokens: 32
English
2025-11-02 20:33:30.127 | INFO | metagpt.utils.cost_manager:update_cost:57 - Total running cost: $0.007 | Max budget: $3.000 | Current cost: $0.001, prompt_tokens: 195, completion_tokens: 1
To create a 2048 game, we need to follow the standard software development process. Given the simplicity of the game, it falls under the XS category, which means we can directly assign the task to the Engineer for implementation. However, to ensure clarity and completeness, we will first have the Product Manager create a Product Requirement Document (PRD). Then, the Engineer will implement the game based on the PRD.
Let's create a plan for this:
- Alice (Product Manager) will create a Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game.
- Alex (Engineer) will implement the 2048 game based on the PRD.
I'll assign these tasks accordingly.
[
{
"command_name": "Plan.append_task",
"args": {
"task_id": "1",
"dependent_task_ids": [],
"instruction": "Create a Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game.",
"assignee": "Alice"
}
},
{
"command_name": "Plan.append_task",
"args": {
"task_id": "2",
"dependent_task_ids": ["1"],
"instruction": "Implement the 2048 game based on the PRD. Use Vite, React, MUI, Tailwind CSS for the program. Deploy the web app after project completion.",
"assignee": "Alex"
}
},
{
"command_name": "TeamLeader.publish_team_message",
"args": {
"content": "Create a Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game.",
"send_to": "Alice"
}
},
{
"command_name": "RoleZero.reply_to_human",
"args": {
"content": "I have assigned the task to Alice to create a Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game. Once she completes it, Alex will implement the game."
}
}
]2025-11-02 20:33:37.368 | INFO | metagpt.utils.cost_manager:update_cost:57 - Total running cost: $0.033 | Max budget: $3.000 | Current cost: $0.026, prompt_tokens: 4052, completion_tokens: 414
2025-11-02 20:33:37.369 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:292 - Commands:
[{'command_name': 'Plan.append_task', 'args': {'task_id': '1', 'dependent_task_ids': [], 'instruction': 'Create a Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game.', 'assignee': 'Alice'}}, {'command_name': 'Plan.append_task', 'args': {'task_id': '2', 'dependent_task_ids': ['1'], 'instruction': 'Implement the 2048 game based on the PRD. Use Vite, React, MUI, Tailwind CSS for the program. Deploy the web app after project completion.', 'assignee': 'Alex'}}, {'command_name': 'TeamLeader.publish_team_message', 'args': {'content': 'Create a Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game.', 'send_to': 'Alice'}}, {'command_name': 'RoleZero.reply_to_human', 'args': {'content': 'I have assigned the task to Alice to create a Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game. Once she completes it, Alex will implement the game.'}}]
2025-11-02 20:33:37.371 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:294 - Commands outputs:
Command Plan.append_task executed
Command Plan.append_task executed
Command TeamLeader.publish_team_message executed
Command RoleZero.reply_to_human executed: SUCCESS, human has received your reply. Refrain from resending duplicate messages. If you no longer need to take action, use the command ‘end’ to stop.
English
2025-11-02 20:33:39.113 | INFO | metagpt.utils.cost_manager:update_cost:57 - Total running cost: $0.034 | Max budget: $3.000 | Current cost: $0.001, prompt_tokens: 113, completion_tokens: 1
To create a Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game, I will follow the PRD creation process. This involves defining the product goals, user stories, competitive analysis, and technical specifications. I will start by creating a new file for the PRD document.
[
{
"command_name": "Editor.create_file",
"args": {
"filename": "2048_game_prd.md"
}
}
]2025-11-02 20:33:47.058 | INFO | metagpt.utils.cost_manager:update_cost:57 - Total running cost: $0.062 | Max budget: $3.000 | Current cost: $0.028, prompt_tokens: 5307, completion_tokens: 96
2025-11-02 20:33:47.060 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:292 - Commands:
[{'command_name': 'Editor.create_file', 'args': {'filename': '2048_game_prd.md'}}]
2025-11-02 20:33:47.063 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:294 - Commands outputs:
Command Editor.create_file executed: [File D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\workspace\2048_game_prd.md created.]
I have created the file for the PRD document. Now, I will proceed to outline the structure of the PRD for the 2048 game, including sections for product goals, user stories, competitive analysis, and technical specifications. I will start by inserting the initial structure into the document.
[
{
"command_name": "Editor.append_file",
"args": {
"file_name": "2048_game_prd.md",
"content": "# 2048 Game Product Requirement Document\n\n## Language & Project Info\n- **Language**: English\n- **Programming Language**: Vite, React, MUI, Tailwind CSS\n- **Project Name**: 2048_game\n- **Original Requirements**: Create a 2048 game\n\n## Product Definition\n### Product Goals\n1. Provide an engaging and addictive puzzle game experience.\n2. Ensure smooth and responsive gameplay across devices.\n3. Implement a visually appealing and intuitive user interface.\n\n### User Stories\n1. As a player, I want to swipe tiles to combine numbers so that I can achieve the 2048 tile.\n2. As a player, I want to see my current score and best score so that I can track my progress.\n3. As a player, I want to undo my last move so that I can correct mistakes.\n4. As a player, I want to restart the game at any time so that I can try different strategies.\n5. As a player, I want to share my high score on social media so that I can challenge my friends.\n\n### Competitive Analysis\n- **Threes!**: Pros - Original concept, Cons - Paid app\n- **1024**: Pros - Free, Cons - Less polished UI\n- **2048 by Gabriele Cirulli**: Pros - Open source, Cons - Basic graphics\n- **2048 Plus**: Pros - Additional features, Cons - Ads\n- **2048 AI**: Pros - AI solver, Cons - Limited user interaction\n\n```mermaid\nquadrantChart\ntitle \"2048 Game Competitive Analysis\"\nx-axis \"Low Innovation\" --> \"High Innovation\"\ny-axis \"Low Popularity\" --> \"High Popularity\"\nquadrant-1 \"Innovative and Popular\"\nquadrant-2 \"Innovative but Niche\"\nquadrant-3 \"Traditional and Niche\"\nquadrant-4 \"Traditional but Popular\"\n\"Threes!\": [0.7, 0.8]\n\"1024\": [0.4, 0.5]\n\"2048 by Gabriele Cirulli\": [0.6, 0.9]\n\"2048 Plus\": [0.5, 0.7]\n\"2048 AI\": [0.8, 0.4]\n\"Our Target Product\": [0.6, 0.85]\n```\n\n## Technical Specifications\n### Requirements Analysis\n- The game must be playable on both desktop and mobile devices.\n- The game should have smooth animations and transitions.\n- The game must save the player's progress and high scores.\n\n### Requirements Pool\n- **P0**: Implement core gameplay mechanics (swiping, combining tiles).\n- **P1**: Add undo and restart functionality.\n- **P2**: Integrate social media sharing.\n\n### UI Design Draft\n- Basic layout with a 4x4 grid for tiles.\n- Display for current and best scores.\n- Buttons for undo, restart, and share.\n\n### Open Questions\n- What additional features could enhance user engagement?\n- How can we optimize performance for low-end devices?\n"
}
}
]2025-11-02 20:34:10.934 | INFO | metagpt.utils.cost_manager:update_cost:57 - Total running cost: $0.101 | Max budget: $3.000 | Current cost: $0.039, prompt_tokens: 5438, completion_tokens: 786
2025-11-02 20:34:10.936 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:292 - Commands:
[{'command_name': 'Editor.append_file', 'args': {'file_name': '2048_game_prd.md', 'content': '# 2048 Game Product Requirement Document\n\n## Language & Project Info\n- Language: English\n- Programming Language: Vite, React, MUI, Tailwind CSS\n- Project Name: 2048_game\n- Original Requirements: Create a 2048 game\n\n## Product Definition\n### Product Goals\n1. Provide an engaging and addictive puzzle game experience.\n2. Ensure smooth and responsive gameplay across devices.\n3. Implement a visually appealing and intuitive user interface.\n\n### User Stories\n1. As a player, I want to swipe tiles to combine numbers so that I can achieve the 2048 tile.\n2. As a player, I want to see my current score and best score so that I can track my progress.\n3. As a player, I want to undo my last move so that I can correct mistakes.\n4. As a player, I want to restart the game at any time so that I can try different strategies.\n5. As a player, I want to share my high score on social media so that I can challenge my friends.\n\n### Competitive Analysis\n- Threes!: Pros - Original concept, Cons - Paid app\n- 1024: Pros - Free, Cons - Less polished UI\n- 2048 by Gabriele Cirulli: Pros - Open source, Cons - Basic graphics\n- 2048 Plus: Pros - Additional features, Cons - Ads\n- 2048 AI: Pros - AI solver, Cons - Limited user interaction\n\nmermaid\nquadrantChart\ntitle "2048 Game Competitive Analysis"\nx-axis "Low Innovation" --> "High Innovation"\ny-axis "Low Popularity" --> "High Popularity"\nquadrant-1 "Innovative and Popular"\nquadrant-2 "Innovative but Niche"\nquadrant-3 "Traditional and Niche"\nquadrant-4 "Traditional but Popular"\n"Threes!": [0.7, 0.8]\n"1024": [0.4, 0.5]\n"2048 by Gabriele Cirulli": [0.6, 0.9]\n"2048 Plus": [0.5, 0.7]\n"2048 AI": [0.8, 0.4]\n"Our Target Product": [0.6, 0.85]\n\n\n## Technical Specifications\n### Requirements Analysis\n- The game must be playable on both desktop and mobile devices.\n- The game should have smooth animations and transitions.\n- The game must save the player's progress and high scores.\n\n### Requirements Pool\n- P0: Implement core gameplay mechanics (swiping, combining tiles).\n- P1: Add undo and restart functionality.\n- P2: Integrate social media sharing.\n\n### UI Design Draft\n- Basic layout with a 4x4 grid for tiles.\n- Display for current and best scores.\n- Buttons for undo, restart, and share.\n\n### Open Questions\n- What additional features could enhance user engagement?\n- How can we optimize performance for low-end devices?\n'}}]
2025-11-02 20:34:10.942 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:294 - Commands outputs:
Command Editor.append_file executed: [File: D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\workspace\2048_game_prd.md (64 lines total after edit)]
(this is the beginning of the file)
001|# 2048 Game Product Requirement Document
002|
003|## Language & Project Info
004|- Language: English
005|- Programming Language: Vite, React, MUI, Tailwind CSS
006|- Project Name: 2048_game
007|- Original Requirements: Create a 2048 game
008|
009|## Product Definition
010|### Product Goals
011|1. Provide an engaging and addictive puzzle game experience.
012|2. Ensure smooth and responsive gameplay across devices.
013|3. Implement a visually appealing and intuitive user interface.
014|
015|### User Stories
016|1. As a player, I want to swipe tiles to combine numbers so that I can achieve the 2048 tile.
017|2. As a player, I want to see my current score and best score so that I can track my progress.
018|3. As a player, I want to undo my last move so that I can correct mistakes.
019|4. As a player, I want to restart the game at any time so that I can try different strategies.
020|5. As a player, I want to share my high score on social media so that I can challenge my friends.
021|
022|### Competitive Analysis
023|- Threes!: Pros - Original concept, Cons - Paid app
024|- 1024: Pros - Free, Cons - Less polished UI
025|- 2048 by Gabriele Cirulli: Pros - Open source, Cons - Basic graphics
026|- 2048 Plus: Pros - Additional features, Cons - Ads
027|- 2048 AI: Pros - AI solver, Cons - Limited user interaction
028|
029|mermaid 030|quadrantChart 031|title "2048 Game Competitive Analysis" 032|x-axis "Low Innovation" --> "High Innovation" 033|y-axis "Low Popularity" --> "High Popularity" 034|quadrant-1 "Innovative and Popular" 035|quadrant-2 "Innovative but Niche" 036|quadrant-3 "Traditional and Niche" 037|quadrant-4 "Traditional but Popular" 038|"Threes!": [0.7, 0.8] 039|"1024": [0.4, 0.5] 040|"2048 by Gabriele Cirulli": [0.6, 0.9] 041|"2048 Plus": [0.5, 0.7] 042|"2048 AI": [0.8, 0.4] 043|"Our Target Product": [0.6, 0.85] 044|
045|
046|## Technical Specifications
047|### Requirements Analysis
048|- The game must be playable on both desktop and mobile devices.
049|- The game should have smooth animations and transitions.
050|- The game must save the player's progress and high scores.
051|
052|### Requirements Pool
053|- P0: Implement core gameplay mechanics (swiping, combining tiles).
054|- P1: Add undo and restart functionality.
055|- P2: Integrate social media sharing.
056|
057|### UI Design Draft
058|- Basic layout with a 4x4 grid for tiles.
059|- Display for current and best scores.
060|- Buttons for undo, restart, and share.
061|
062|### Open Questions
063|- What additional features could enhance user engagement?
064|- How can we optimize performance for low-end devices?
(this is the end of the file)
[File updated (edited at line 1)].
The Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game has been successfully created and structured. It includes sections for language and project information, product definition with goals and user stories, competitive analysis with a quadrant chart, and technical specifications. The document is now complete, and I will report this progress to Mike.
[
{
"command_name": "RoleZero.reply_to_human",
"args": {
"content": "The Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game has been successfully created. It includes all necessary sections such as product goals, user stories, competitive analysis, and technical specifications. The document is ready for review."
}
}
]2025-11-02 20:34:16.767 | INFO | metagpt.utils.cost_manager:update_cost:57 - Total running cost: $0.138 | Max budget: $3.000 | Current cost: $0.037, prompt_tokens: 7034, completion_tokens: 145
2025-11-02 20:34:16.769 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:292 - Commands:
[{'command_name': 'RoleZero.reply_to_human', 'args': {'content': 'The Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game has been successfully created. It includes all necessary sections such as product goals, user stories, competitive analysis, and technical specifications. The document is ready for review.'}}]
2025-11-02 20:34:16.770 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:294 - Commands outputs:
Command RoleZero.reply_to_human executed: SUCCESS, human has received your reply. Refrain from resending duplicate messages. If you no longer need to take action, use the command ‘end’ to stop.
The Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game has been successfully created and reported to Mike. Since there are no further tasks or plans, I will conclude the current session.
[
{
"command_name": "end",
"args": {}
}
]2025-11-02 20:34:18.620 | INFO | metagpt.utils.cost_manager:update_cost:57 - Total running cost: $0.175 | Max budget: $3.000 | Current cost: $0.037, prompt_tokens: 7232, completion_tokens: 62
2025-11-02 20:34:18.622 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:292 - Commands:
[{'command_name': 'end', 'args': {}}]
2025-11-02 20:34:18.623 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_end:489 - end current run and summarize
I have created a Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game. The document includes sections on product goals, user stories, competitive analysis, and technical specifications. The PRD is structured to guide the development of the game using Vite, React, MUI, and Tailwind CSS. The file path for the PRD is:
-
File Path:
D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\workspace\2048_game_prd.md
2025-11-02 20:34:20.594 | INFO | metagpt.utils.cost_manager:update_cost:57 - Total running cost: $0.187 | Max budget: $3.000 | Current cost: $0.012, prompt_tokens: 2164, completion_tokens: 94
2025-11-02 20:34:20.595 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:294 - Commands outputs:
Command end executed:I have created a Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game. The document includes sections on product goals, user stories, competitive analysis, and technical specifications. The PRD is structured to guide the development of the game using Vite, React, MUI, and Tailwind CSS. The file path for the PRD is: -
File Path:
D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\workspace\2048_game_prd.md
Alice has completed the task of creating the Product Requirement Document (PRD) for the 2048 game. I will mark her task as finished and proceed to the next task, which is for Alex to implement the game based on the PRD. I'll also inform Alex to start working on the implementation.
[
{
"command_name": "Plan.finish_current_task",
"args": {}
},
{
"command_name": "TeamLeader.publish_team_message",
"args": {
"content": "Implement the 2048 game based on the PRD. Use Vite, React, MUI, Tailwind CSS for the program. Deploy the web app after project completion. The PRD is located at 'D:\\proj_open_code\\MetaGPT\\workspace\\2048_game_prd.md'.",
"send_to": "Alex"
}
},
{
"command_name": "RoleZero.reply_to_human",
"args": {
"content": "Alice has completed the PRD for the 2048 game. I have marked her task as finished and informed Alex to start implementing the game based on the PRD."
}
}
]2025-11-02 20:34:26.752 | INFO | metagpt.utils.cost_manager:update_cost:57 - Total running cost: $0.215 | Max budget: $3.000 | Current cost: $0.028, prompt_tokens: 4839, completion_tokens: 248
2025-11-02 20:34:26.754 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:292 - Commands:
[{'command_name': 'Plan.finish_current_task', 'args': {}}, {'command_name': 'TeamLeader.publish_team_message', 'args': {'content': "Implement the 2048 game based on the PRD. Use Vite, React, MUI, Tailwind CSS for the program. Deploy the web app after project completion. The PRD is located at 'D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\workspace\2048_game_prd.md'.", 'send_to': 'Alex'}}, {'command_name': 'RoleZero.reply_to_human', 'args': {'content': 'Alice has completed the PRD for the 2048 game. I have marked her task as finished and informed Alex to start implementing the game based on the PRD.'}}]
2025-11-02 20:34:26.755 | INFO | metagpt.roles.di.role_zero:_act:294 - Commands outputs:
Command Plan.finish_current_task executed:Current task is finished. If you no longer need to take action, use the command ‘end’ to stop.
Command TeamLeader.publish_team_message executed
Command RoleZero.reply_to_human executed: SUCCESS, human has received your reply. Refrain from resending duplicate messages. If you no longer need to take action, use the command ‘end’ to stop.
2025-11-02 20:34:26.761 | ERROR | metagpt.utils.common:wrapper:683 - Exception occurs, start to serialize the project, exp:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\utils\common.py", line 692, in wrapper
return await func(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\roles\role.py", line 548, in run
rsp = await self.react()
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\utils\common.py", line 678, in wrapper
result = await func(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\team.py", line 134, in run
await self.env.run()
Exception: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\utils\common.py", line 692, in wrapper
return await func(self, *args, **kwargs)
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\roles\role.py", line 548, in run
rsp = await self.react()
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\roles\role.py", line 515, in react
rsp = await self._react()
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\roles\di\role_zero.py", line 319, in _react
has_todo = await self._think()
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\roles\di\engineer2.py", line 58, in _think
await self._format_instruction()
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\roles\di\engineer2.py", line 67, in _format_instruction
current_directory = (await self.terminal.run_command("pwd")).strip()
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\tools\libs\terminal.py", line 72, in run_command
await self._start_process()
File "D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\tools\libs\terminal.py", line 39, in _start_process
self.process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
File "C:\Users\Rex\miniconda3\envs\MetaGPT\lib\asyncio\subprocess.py", line 218, in create_subprocess_exec
transport, protocol = await loop.subprocess_exec(
File "C:\Users\Rex\miniconda3\envs\MetaGPT\lib\asyncio\base_events.py", line 1681, in subprocess_exec
transport = await self._make_subprocess_transport(
File "C:\Users\Rex\miniconda3\envs\MetaGPT\lib\asyncio\windows_events.py", line 399, in _make_subprocess_transport
transp = _WindowsSubprocessTransport(self, protocol, args, shell,
File "C:\Users\Rex\miniconda3\envs\MetaGPT\lib\asyncio\base_subprocess.py", line 36, in init
self._start(args=args, shell=shell, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout,
File "C:\Users\Rex\miniconda3\envs\MetaGPT\lib\asyncio\windows_events.py", line 901, in _start
self._proc = windows_utils.Popen(
File "C:\Users\Rex\miniconda3\envs\MetaGPT\lib\asyncio\windows_utils.py", line 153, in init
super().init(args, stdin=stdin_rfd, stdout=stdout_wfd,
File "C:\Users\Rex\miniconda3\envs\MetaGPT\lib\subprocess.py", line 971, in init
self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
File "C:\Users\Rex\miniconda3\envs\MetaGPT\lib\subprocess.py", line 1456, in _execute_child
hp, ht, pid, tid = _winapi.CreateProcess(executable, args,
FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。
C:\Users\Rex\miniconda3\envs\MetaGPT\lib\site-packages\pydantic_internal_std_types_schema.py:319: UserWarning: Pydantic serializer warnings:
Expected enum but got str with value 'react' - serialized value may not be as expected
return handler(v)
D:\proj_open_code\MetaGPT\metagpt\base\base_serialization.py:26: UserWarning: Pydantic serializer warnings:
Expected enum but got str with value 'react' - serialized value may not be as expected
ret = default_serializer(self)