Rollup merge of rust-lang#97720 - cjgillot:all-fresh, r=petrochenkov

Always create elided lifetime parameters for functions

Anonymous and elided lifetimes in functions are sometimes (async fns) --and sometimes not (regular fns)-- desugared to implicit generic parameters.

This difference of treatment makes it some downstream analyses more complicated to handle.  This step is a pre-requisite to perform lifetime elision resolution on AST.

There is currently an inconsistency in the treatment of argument-position impl-trait for functions and async fns:
```rust
trait Foo<'a> {}
fn foo(t: impl Foo<'_>) {} //~ ERROR missing lifetime specifier
async fn async_foo(t: impl Foo<'_>) {} //~ OK
fn bar(t: impl Iterator<Item = &'_ u8>) {} //~ ERROR missing lifetime specifier
async fn async_bar(t: impl Iterator<Item = &'_ u8>) {} //~ OK
```

The current implementation reports "missing lifetime specifier" on `foo`, but **accepts it** in `async_foo`.
This PR **proposes to accept** the anonymous lifetime in both cases as an extra generic lifetime parameter.
This change would be insta-stable, so let's ping t-lang.
Anonymous lifetimes in GAT bindings keep being forbidden:
```rust
fn foo(t: impl Foo<Assoc<'_> = Bar<'_>>) {}
                         ^^        ^^
                       forbidden   ok
```
I started a discussion here: https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/213817-t-lang/topic/Anonymous.20lifetimes.20in.20universal.20impl-trait/near/284968606

r? `@petrochenkov`

Author: Dylan-DPC

compiler/rustc_feature/src/active.rs

@@ -148,6 +148,8 @@ declare_features! (
     /// below (it has to be checked before expansion possibly makes
     /// macros disappear).
     (active, allow_internal_unstable, "1.0.0", None, None),
+    /// Allows using anonymous lifetimes in argument-position impl-trait.
+    (active, anonymous_lifetime_in_impl_trait, "1.63.0", None, None),
     /// Allows identifying the `compiler_builtins` crate.
     (active, compiler_builtins, "1.13.0", None, None),
     /// Outputs useful `assert!` messages

compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs

@@ -758,7 +758,10 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast> Visitor<'ast> for LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast> {
                 // We don't need to deal with patterns in parameters, because
                 // they are not possible for foreign or bodiless functions.
                 self.with_lifetime_rib(
-                    LifetimeRibKind::AnonymousPassThrough(fn_id, false),
+                    LifetimeRibKind::AnonymousCreateParameter {
+                        binder: fn_id,
+                        report_in_path: false,
+                    },
                     |this| walk_list!(this, visit_param, &sig.decl.inputs),
                 );
                 self.with_lifetime_rib(
@@ -792,18 +795,13 @@ impl<'a: 'ast, 'ast> Visitor<'ast> for LateResolutionVisitor<'a, '_, 'ast> {
                         // generic parameters.  This is especially useful for `async fn`, where
                         // these fresh generic parameters can be applied to the opaque `impl Trait`
                         // return type.
-                        let rib = if async_node_id.is_some() {
-                            // Only emit a hard error for `async fn`, since this kind of
-                            // elision has always been allowed in regular `fn`s.
+                        this.with_lifetime_rib(
                             LifetimeRibKind::AnonymousCreateParameter {
                                 binder: fn_id,
-                                report_in_path: true,
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            LifetimeRibKind::AnonymousPassThrough(fn_id, false)
-                        };
-                        this.with_lifetime_rib(
-                            rib,
+                                // Only emit a hard error for `async fn`, since this kind of
+                                // elision has always been allowed in regular `fn`s.
+                                report_in_path: async_node_id.is_some(),
+                            },
                             // Add each argument to the rib.
                             |this| this.resolve_params(&declaration.inputs),
                         );

compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/lifetimes.rs

@@ -1677,14 +1677,29 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> LifetimeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
                     break None;
                 }
 
-                Scope::Binder { ref lifetimes, scope_type, s, .. } => {
+                Scope::Binder { ref lifetimes, scope_type, s, where_bound_origin, .. } => {
                     if let Some(&def) = lifetimes.get(&region_def_id) {
                         break Some(def.shifted(late_depth));
                     }
                     match scope_type {
                         BinderScopeType::Normal => late_depth += 1,
                         BinderScopeType::Concatenating => {}
                     }
+                    // Fresh lifetimes in APIT used to be allowed in async fns and forbidden in
+                    // regular fns.
+                    if let Some(hir::PredicateOrigin::ImplTrait) = where_bound_origin
+                        && let hir::LifetimeName::Param(_, hir::ParamName::Fresh) = lifetime_ref.name
+                        && let hir::IsAsync::NotAsync = self.tcx.asyncness(lifetime_ref.hir_id.owner)
+                        && !self.tcx.features().anonymous_lifetime_in_impl_trait
+                    {
+                        rustc_session::parse::feature_err(
+                            &self.tcx.sess.parse_sess,
+                            sym::anonymous_lifetime_in_impl_trait,
+                            lifetime_ref.span,
+                            "anonymous lifetimes in `impl Trait` are unstable",
+                        ).emit();
+                        return;
+                    }
                     scope = s;
                 }
 

compiler/rustc_span/src/symbol.rs

@@ -341,6 +341,7 @@ symbols! {
         always,
         and,
         and_then,
+        anonymous_lifetime_in_impl_trait,
         any,
         append_const_msg,
         arbitrary_enum_discriminant,

src/test/ui-fulldeps/internal-lints/rustc_pass_by_value.rs

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl CustomStruct {
 
     fn test_alias(
         value: CustomAlias,
-        reference: &CustomAlias, //~ ERROR passing `CustomAlias<>` by reference
+        reference: &CustomAlias, //~ ERROR passing `CustomAlias<'_>` by reference
     ) {
     }
 }

src/test/ui-fulldeps/internal-lints/rustc_pass_by_value.stderr

@@ -94,11 +94,11 @@ error: passing `CustomStruct` by reference
 LL |         reference: &CustomStruct,
    |                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try passing by value: `CustomStruct`
 
-error: passing `CustomAlias<>` by reference
+error: passing `CustomAlias<'_>` by reference
   --> $DIR/rustc_pass_by_value.rs:96:20
    |
 LL |         reference: &CustomAlias,
-   |                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try passing by value: `CustomAlias<>`
+   |                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^ help: try passing by value: `CustomAlias<'_>`
 
 error: passing `WithParameters<T, 1>` by reference
   --> $DIR/rustc_pass_by_value.rs:110:20

src/test/ui/generic-associated-types/bugs/issue-87748.stderr

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ error[E0478]: lifetime bound not satisfied
 LL |     fn do_sth(_: u32) {}
    |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |
-note: lifetime parameter instantiated with the anonymous lifetime #2 defined here
+note: lifetime parameter instantiated with the anonymous lifetime as defined here
   --> $DIR/issue-87748.rs:18:5
    |
 LL |     fn do_sth(_: u32) {}
    |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-note: but lifetime parameter must outlive the anonymous lifetime #1 defined here
+note: but lifetime parameter must outlive the anonymous lifetime as defined here
   --> $DIR/issue-87748.rs:18:5
    |
 LL |     fn do_sth(_: u32) {}

src/test/ui/generic-associated-types/issue-95305.rs

@@ -3,15 +3,18 @@
 // at some point in the future.
 
 #![feature(generic_associated_types)]
-
+#![feature(anonymous_lifetime_in_impl_trait)]
 trait Foo {
     type Item<'a>;
 }
 
 fn foo(x: &impl Foo<Item<'_> = u32>) { }
                        //~^ ERROR `'_` cannot be used here [E0637]
 
+// Ok: the anonymous lifetime is bound to the function.
 fn bar(x: &impl for<'a> Foo<Item<'a> = &'_ u32>) { }
-                                      //~^ ERROR missing lifetime specifier
+
+// Ok: the anonymous lifetime is bound to the function.
+fn baz(x: &impl for<'a> Foo<Item<'a> = &u32>) { }
 
 fn main() {}

src/test/ui/generic-associated-types/issue-95305.stderr

@@ -4,18 +4,6 @@ error[E0637]: `'_` cannot be used here
 LL | fn foo(x: &impl Foo<Item<'_> = u32>) { }
    |                          ^^ `'_` is a reserved lifetime name
 
-error[E0106]: missing lifetime specifier
-  --> $DIR/issue-95305.rs:14:41
-   |
-LL | fn bar(x: &impl for<'a> Foo<Item<'a> = &'_ u32>) { }
-   |                                         ^^ expected named lifetime parameter
-   |
-help: consider using the `'a` lifetime
-   |
-LL | fn bar(x: &impl for<'a> Foo<Item<'a> = &'a u32>) { }
-   |                                         ~~
-
-error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+error: aborting due to previous error
 
-Some errors have detailed explanations: E0106, E0637.
-For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0106`.
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0637`.

src/test/ui/issues/issue-37884.stderr

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ LL |     fn next(&'a mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>
    |
    = note: expected fn pointer `fn(&mut RepeatMut<'a, T>) -> Option<_>`
               found fn pointer `fn(&'a mut RepeatMut<'a, T>) -> Option<_>`
-note: the anonymous lifetime #1 defined here...
+note: the anonymous lifetime as defined here...
   --> $DIR/issue-37884.rs:6:5
    |
 LL |     fn next(&'a mut self) -> Option<Self::Item>