diff --git a/test/types/models.test.ts b/test/types/models.test.ts
index 88cff531bc..35dca81ebe 100644
--- a/test/types/models.test.ts
+++ b/test/types/models.test.ts
@@ -225,10 +225,6 @@ function find() {
   Project.find({}, { name: 1 });
   Project.find({}, { name: 0 });
 
-  // filter + callback
-  Project.find({}, (error: CallbackError, result: IProject[]) => console.log(error, result));
-  Project.find({ name: 'Hello' }, (error: CallbackError, result: IProject[]) => console.log(error, result));
-
   // filter + projection + options
   Project.find({}, undefined, { limit: 5 });
   Project.find({}, null, { limit: 5 });
diff --git a/test/types/queries.test.ts b/test/types/queries.test.ts
index 35ff6f24d6..83c4eb9288 100644
--- a/test/types/queries.test.ts
+++ b/test/types/queries.test.ts
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ import {
   QuerySelector,
   InferSchemaType,
   ProjectionFields,
-  QueryOptions
+  QueryOptions,
+  ProjectionType
 } from 'mongoose';
 import { ModifyResult, ObjectId } from 'mongodb';
 import { expectAssignable, expectError, expectNotAssignable, expectType } from 'tsd';
 import { autoTypedModel } from './models.test';
-import { AutoTypedSchemaType } from './schema.test';
 
 interface QueryHelpers {
   _byName(this: QueryWithHelpers<any, ITest, QueryHelpers>, name: string): QueryWithHelpers<Array<ITest>, ITest, QueryHelpers>;
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ interface ISubdoc {
   myId?: Types.ObjectId;
   id?: number;
   tags?: string[];
+  profiles: {
+    name?: string
+  }
 }
 
 interface ITest {
@@ -93,16 +96,6 @@ Test.find({ name: ['Test1', 'Test2'] }).exec();
 // Implicit `$in` for regex string
 Test.find({ name: [/Test1/, /Test2/] });
 
-Test.find({ name: 'test' }, (err: Error | null, docs: ITest[]) => {
-  console.log(!!err, docs[0].age);
-});
-
-Test.findOne({ name: 'test' }, (err: Error | null, doc: ITest | null) => {
-  if (doc != null) {
-    console.log(!!err, doc.age);
-  }
-});
-
 Test.find({ name: { $gte: 'Test' } }, null, { collation: { locale: 'en-us' } }).exec().
   then((res: Array<ITest>) => console.log(res[0].name));
 
@@ -160,6 +153,43 @@ const p1: Record<string, number> = Test.find().projection('age docs.id');
 const p2: Record<string, number> | null = Test.find().projection();
 const p3: null = Test.find().projection(null);
 
+expectError(Test.find({ }, { name: 'ss' })); // Only 0 and 1 are allowed
+expectError(Test.find({ }, { name: 3 })); // Only 0 and 1 are allowed
+expectError(Test.find({ }, { name: true, age: false, endDate: true, tags: 1 })); // Exclusion in a inclusion projection is not allowed
+expectError(Test.find({ }, { name: true, age: false, endDate: true })); // Inclusion in a exclusion projection is not allowed
+expectError(Test.find({ }, { name: false, age: false, tags: false, child: { name: false }, docs: { myId: false, id: true } })); // Inclusion in a exclusion projection is not allowed in nested objects and arrays
+expectError(Test.find({ }, { tags: { something: 1 } })); // array of strings or numbers should only be allowed to be a boolean or 1 and 0
+Test.find({}, { name: true, age: true, endDate: true, tags: 1, child: { name: true }, docs: { myId: true, id: true } }); // This should be allowed
+Test.find({}, { name: 1, age: 1, endDate: 1, tags: 1, child: { name: 1 }, docs: { myId: 1, id: 1 } }); // This should be allowed
+Test.find({}, { _id: 0, name: 1, age: 1, endDate: 1, tags: 1, child: 1, docs: 1 }); // _id is an exception and should be allowed to be excluded
+Test.find({}, { name: 0, age: 0, endDate: 0, tags: 0, child: 0, docs: 0 }); // This should be allowed
+Test.find({}, { name: 0, age: 0, endDate: 0, tags: 0, child: { name: 0 }, docs: { myId: 0, id: 0 } }); // This should be allowed
+Test.find({}, { name: 1, age: 1, _id: 0 }); // This should be allowed since _id is an exception
+Test.find({}, { someOtherField: 1 }); // This should be allowed since it's not a field in the schema
+expectError(Test.find({}, { name: { $slice: 1 } })); // $slice should only be allowed on arrays
+Test.find({}, { tags: { $slice: 1 } }); // $slice should be allowed on arrays
+Test.find({}, { tags: { $slice: [1, 2] } }); // $slice with the format of [ <number to skip>, <number to return> ] should also be allowed on arrays
+expectError(Test.find({}, { age: { $elemMatch: {} } })); // $elemMatch should not be allowed on non arrays
+Test.find({}, { docs: { $elemMatch: { id: 'aa' } } }); // $elemMatch should be allowed on arrays
+expectError(Test.find({}, { tags: { $slice: 1, $elemMatch: {} } })); // $elemMatch and $slice should not be allowed together
+Test.find({}, { age: 1, tags: { $slice: 5 } }); // $slice should be allowed in inclusion projection
+Test.find({}, { age: 0, tags: { $slice: 5 } }); // $slice should be allowed in exclusion projection
+Test.find({}, { age: 1, tags: { $elemMatch: {} } }); // $elemMatch should be allowed in inclusion projection
+Test.find({}, { age: 0, tags: { $elemMatch: {} } }); // $elemMatch should be allowed in exclusion projection
+expectError(Test.find({}, { 'docs.id': 11 })); // Dot notation should be allowed and does not accept any
+expectError(Test.find({}, { docs: { id: '1' } })); // Dot notation should be able to use a combination with objects
+Test.find({}, { docs: { id: false } }); // Dot notation should be allowed with valid values - should correctly handle arrays
+Test.find({}, { docs: { id: true } }); // Dot notation should be allowed with valid values - should correctly handle arrays
+Test.find({ docs: { $elemMatch: { id: 1 } } }, { 'docs.$': 1 }); // $ projection should be allowed
+Test.find({}, { child: 1 }); // Dot notation should be able to use a combination with objects
+// Test.find({}, { 'docs.profiles': { name: 1 } }); // 3 levels deep not supported
+expectError(Test.find({}, { 'docs.profiles': { name: 'aa' } })); // should support a combination of dot notation and objects
+expectError(Test.find({}, { endDate: { toString: 1 } }));
+expectError(Test.find({}, { tags: { trim: 1 } }));
+expectError(Test.find({}, { child: { toJSON: 1 } }));
+
+// Manual Casting using ProjectionType
+Test.find({}, { docs: { unknownParams: 1 } } as ProjectionType<ITest>);
 // Sorting
 Test.find().sort();
 Test.find().sort('-name');
diff --git a/types/index.d.ts b/types/index.d.ts
index c8d2eaf855..a62ab032cb 100644
--- a/types/index.d.ts
+++ b/types/index.d.ts
@@ -657,9 +657,37 @@ declare module 'mongoose' {
 
   export type ReturnsNewDoc = { new: true } | { returnOriginal: false } | { returnDocument: 'after' };
 
-  export type ProjectionElementType = number | string;
-  export type ProjectionType<T> = { [P in keyof T]?: ProjectionElementType } | AnyObject | string;
-
+  type ArrayOperators = { $slice: number | [number, number]; $elemMatch?: never } | { $elemMatch: Record<string, any>; $slice?: never };
+  /**
+   * This Type Assigns `Element | undefined` recursively to the `T` type.
+   * if it is an array it will do this to the element of the array, if it is an object it will do this for the properties of the object.
+   * `Element` is the truthy or falsy values that are going to be used as the value of the projection.(1 | true or 0 | false)
+   * For the elements of the array we will use: `Element | `undefined` | `ArrayOperators`
+   * @example
+   * type CalculatedType = Projector<{ a: string, b: number, c: { d: string }, d: string[] }, true>
+   * type CalculatedType = {
+        a?: true | undefined;
+        b?: true | undefined;
+        c?: true | {
+            d?: true | undefined;
+        } | undefined;
+        d?: true | ArrayOperators | undefined;
+    }
+  */
+  type Projector<T, Element> = T extends Array<infer U>
+    ? Projector<U, Element> | ArrayOperators
+    : T extends TreatAsPrimitives
+      ? Element
+      : T extends Record<string, any>
+        ? {
+          [K in keyof T]?: T[K] extends Record<string, any> ? Projector<T[K], Element> | Element : Element;
+        }
+        : Element;
+  type _IDType = { _id?: boolean | 1 | 0 };
+  export type InclusionProjection<T> = IsItRecordAndNotAny<T> extends true ? Projector<WithLevel1NestedPaths<T>, true | 1> & _IDType : AnyObject;
+  export type ExclusionProjection<T> = IsItRecordAndNotAny<T> extends true ? Projector<WithLevel1NestedPaths<T>, false | 0> & _IDType : AnyObject;
+
+  export type ProjectionType<T> = (InclusionProjection<T> & AnyObject) | (ExclusionProjection<T> & AnyObject) | string;
   export type SortValues = SortOrder;
 
   export type SortOrder = -1 | 1 | 'asc' | 'ascending' | 'desc' | 'descending';
diff --git a/types/query.d.ts b/types/query.d.ts
index 020ba181bb..c1f16ea193 100644
--- a/types/query.d.ts
+++ b/types/query.d.ts
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ declare module 'mongoose' {
      * Set `overwriteImmutable` to `true` to allow updating immutable properties using other update operators.
      */
     overwriteImmutable?: boolean;
-    projection?: ProjectionType<DocType>;
+    projection?: { [P in keyof DocType]?: number | string } | AnyObject | string;
     /**
      * if true, returns the full ModifyResult rather than just the document
      */
diff --git a/types/types.d.ts b/types/types.d.ts
index b394525f5b..c29da93be2 100644
--- a/types/types.d.ts
+++ b/types/types.d.ts
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ declare module 'mongoose' {
 
     class Decimal128 extends mongodb.Decimal128 { }
 
-    class DocumentArray<T, THydratedDocumentType extends Types.Subdocument<any> = Types.Subdocument<InferId<T>, any, T> & T> extends Types.Array<THydratedDocumentType> {
+    class DocumentArray<T, THydratedDocumentType extends Types.Subdocument<any, any, T> = Types.Subdocument<InferId<T>, any, T> & T> extends Types.Array<THydratedDocumentType> {
       /** DocumentArray constructor */
       constructor(values: AnyObject[]);
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ declare module 'mongoose' {
     class ObjectId extends mongodb.ObjectId {
     }
 
-    class Subdocument<IdType = unknown, TQueryHelpers = any, DocType = any> extends Document<IdType, TQueryHelpers, DocType> {
+    class Subdocument<IdType = any, TQueryHelpers = any, DocType = any> extends Document<IdType, TQueryHelpers, DocType> {
       $isSingleNested: true;
 
       /** Returns the top level document of this sub-document. */
diff --git a/types/utility.d.ts b/types/utility.d.ts
index 145e557161..a39a43262d 100644
--- a/types/utility.d.ts
+++ b/types/utility.d.ts
@@ -4,20 +4,44 @@ declare module 'mongoose' {
 
   type WithLevel1NestedPaths<T, K extends keyof T = keyof T> = {
     [P in K | NestedPaths<Required<T>, K>]: P extends K
-      ? T[P]
+      // Handle top-level paths
+      // First, drill into documents so we don't end up surfacing `$assertPopulated`, etc.
+      ? Extract<NonNullable<T[P]>, Document> extends never
+        // If not a document, then return the type. Otherwise, get the DocType.
+        ? NonNullable<T[P]>
+        : Extract<NonNullable<T[P]>, Document> extends Document<any, any, infer DocType, any>
+          ? DocType
+          : never
+      // Handle nested paths
       : P extends `${infer Key}.${infer Rest}`
         ? Key extends keyof T
-          ? Rest extends keyof NonNullable<T[Key]>
-            ? NonNullable<T[Key]>[Rest]
-            : never
+          ? T[Key] extends (infer U)[]
+            ? Rest extends keyof NonNullable<U>
+              ? NonNullable<U>[Rest]
+              : never
+            : Rest extends keyof NonNullable<T[Key]>
+              ? NonNullable<T[Key]>[Rest]
+              : never
           : never
         : never;
   };
 
   type NestedPaths<T, K extends keyof T> = K extends string
-    ? T[K] extends Record<string, any> | null | undefined
-      ? `${K}.${keyof NonNullable<T[K]> & string}`
-      : never
+    ? T[K] extends TreatAsPrimitives
+      ? never
+      : Extract<NonNullable<T[K]>, Document> extends never
+          ? T[K] extends Array<infer U>
+            ? U extends Record<string, any>
+              ? `${K}.${keyof NonNullable<U> & string}`
+              : never
+            : T[K] extends Record<string, any> | null | undefined
+              ? `${K}.${keyof NonNullable<T[K]> & string}`
+              : never
+          : Extract<NonNullable<T[K]>, Document> extends Document<any, any, infer DocType, any>
+            ? DocType extends Record<string, any>
+              ? `${K}.${keyof NonNullable<DocType> & string}`
+              : never
+            : never
     : never;
 
   type WithoutUndefined<T> = T extends undefined ? never : T;