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Merge branch 'slides/201-convert-rust-slides-to-feng-material-style' into 'master'
Resolve "Convert Rust Slides to FENG Material Style" Closes #201 See merge request feng/training/material!272
2 parents c347c03 + a6ce16d commit 58a24da

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‎courses/rust_essentials/010_day_one.rst

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‎courses/rust_essentials/010_rust_essentials.rst

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*****************
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Rust Essentials
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*****************
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.. container:: PRELUDE BEGIN
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.. container:: PRELUDE ROLES
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.. role:: ada(code)
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:language: Ada
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.. role:: C(code)
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:language: C
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.. role:: cpp(code)
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:language: C++
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.. container:: PRELUDE SYMBOLS
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.. |rightarrow| replace:: :math:`\rightarrow`
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.. |forall| replace:: :math:`\forall`
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.. |exists| replace:: :math:`\exists`
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.. |equivalent| replace:: :math:`\iff`
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.. |le| replace:: :math:`\le`
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.. |ge| replace:: :math:`\ge`
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.. |lt| replace:: :math:`<`
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.. |gt| replace:: :math:`>`
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.. |checkmark| replace:: :math:`\checkmark`
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.. container:: PRELUDE REQUIRES
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.. container:: PRELUDE PROVIDES
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.. container:: PRELUDE END
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/01-introduction_to_rust.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/02-procedural_language.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/03-language_quizzes.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/04-types.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/05-type_quizzes.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/06-functions_and_ownership.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/07-functions_and_ownership_quizzes.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/08-more_types.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/09-pattern_matching.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/10-traits_and_generics.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/11-traits_and_generics_quizzes.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/12-packages_and_modularity.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/13-functional_programming.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/14-functional_programming_quizzes.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/15-error_handling.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/16-smart_pointer_types.rst
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.. include:: 010_rust_essentials/17-macros.rst

‎courses/rust_essentials/010_rust_essentials/01-introduction_to_rust.rst

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.. role:: rust(code)
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:language: rust
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======================
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Introduction to Rust
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======================
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---------
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History
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---------
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* 2006
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* Personal project by Graydon Hoare (working @ Mozilla at the time)
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* No specification, instead semantics are based on implementation
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* Language changed *a lot* between 2006 and 2015 (and is still changing a lot
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by other languages' standards)
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* Nowadays, maintained and evolved by the Rust foundation
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-------------------
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High Level Vision
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-------------------
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* Safer alternative to C/C++ for systems programming
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* Many inspirations, including ML family languages, C++
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* Focus on safety, albeit with a different perspective when compared to Ada
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(memory safety being the most valued kind of safety)
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------------
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Rust Today
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------------
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* Use of Rust is spreading like wildfire
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* Projects like Android, Linux
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* Companies like Google, Amazon
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* Well positioned to become a credible alternative to C++, and maybe even C
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* Big list of industrial users here: https://www.rust-lang.org/production/users
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-------------------------------
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In the Safety Critical Market
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-------------------------------
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* Rust making forays into the critical markets. Big players are assessing the use of Rust in their codebases.
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* But lacking industrial support for now
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* Will probably become mainstream in the coming decade
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--------------------
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Rust "Hello World"
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--------------------
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.. code:: Rust
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fn main() {
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println!("Hello, world!");
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}
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‎courses/rust_essentials/010_rust_essentials/02-procedural_language.rst

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=====================
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Procedural language
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=====================
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--------------------------------
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First, a Note About Philosophy
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--------------------------------
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* In C/C++, very weak distinction between statements and expressions
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- You can use exprs as statements
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* In Ada, strong distinction between statements and expressions
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- Statements are statements, expressions are expressions, not interchangeable
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- Procedures and functions are distinct
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* In Rust, everything is an expression (and you generally cannot ignore their value)
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- Simpler than Ada, (much) safer than C/C++
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- But not always obvious what an expression returns
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- Complex type system tricks to make it work (what's the type of a loop?)
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-----------
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For Loops
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-----------
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.. code:: Rust
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fn main() {
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for i in 1..10 {
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// ^ Range object (of type Range)
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println!("Hello, World!");
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}
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}
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-------------
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While Loops
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-------------
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.. code:: Rust
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fn main() {
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let mut i = 1;
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// ^ Declare a mutable variable (immutable by default)
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// No parens around condition
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while i < 10 {
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println!("Hello, World!");
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i += 1; // increment
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}
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}
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----------------
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Infinite Loops
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----------------
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.. code:: Rust
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fn main() {
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let mut i = 1;
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loop {
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println!("Hello, World!");
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i += 1; // increment
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if i == 5 {
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// ^ equality operator
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break;
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}
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}
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}
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---------------------------------
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Infinite Loop with Return Value
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---------------------------------
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.. code:: Rust
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fn main() {
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let mut i = 1;
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let mut a = 0;
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let mut b = 1;
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let res = loop {
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let c = a + b;
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a = b;
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b = c;
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i += 1;
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if i > 12 {
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break a;
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}
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};
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println!("{}", res);
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}
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---------
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If/Else
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---------
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.. code:: Rust
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fn main() {
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let mut i = 1;
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loop {
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if i == 5 || else i == 12 {
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break;
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} else if i < 5 && i > 2 {
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println!("I = 3 or 4");
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} else {
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println!("Hello, World!");
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}
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}
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}
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--------------------------
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If/Else As an Expression
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--------------------------
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.. code:: Rust
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fn main() {
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let number = if true { 5 } else { 6 };
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let error = if true { 5 } else { "six" };
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}
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------------------
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Match Expression
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------------------
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.. code:: Rust
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fn main() {
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let mut i = 1;
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loop {
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match i {
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5 | 12 => break,
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1..=4 => println!("i in 1..4"),
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7 | 9 => break,
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_ => println!("Hello, World!")
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}
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i += 1;
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}
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}
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‎courses/rust_essentials/010_rust_essentials/03-language_quizzes.rst

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==================
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Language Quizzes
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==================
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----------------------------------------
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Quiz 1: Is There a Compilation Error?
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----------------------------------------
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.. code:: Rust
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:number-lines: 2
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fn main() {
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let a = loop {
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println!("Pouet");
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};
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let b: u32 = a;
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}
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.. container:: animate
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:color-green:`No error`
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*But you may get a warning that line 7 is unreachable*
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----------------------------------------
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Quiz 2: Is There a Compilation Error?
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----------------------------------------
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.. code:: Rust
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:number-lines: 2
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fn main() {
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let a = for n in 1..11 {
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println!("Pouet");
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};
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}
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.. container:: animate
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:color-green:`No error`
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----------------------------------------
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Quiz 3: Is There a Compilation Error?
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----------------------------------------
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.. code:: Rust
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:number-lines: 2
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fn main() {
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let a = for n in 1..11 {
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println!("Pouet");
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};
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let b: u32 = a;
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}
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.. container:: animate
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:color-red:`error[E0308]: mismatched types --> src/quiz.rs:7:21`
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Types of :rust:`a` and :rust:`b` are not the same
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----------------------------------------
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Quiz 4: Is There a Compilation Error?
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----------------------------------------
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.. code:: Rust
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:number-lines: 2
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fn main() {
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let mut i = 1;
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loop {
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println!(
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"{}",
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if i == 5 || i == 12 { "5 or 12" }
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else { "everything else" }
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);
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i += 1;
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};
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}
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.. container:: animate
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:color-green:`No error`
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----------------------------------------
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Quiz 5: Is There a Compilation Error?
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----------------------------------------
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.. code:: Rust
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:number-lines: 2
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fn main() {
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let mut i = 1;
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loop {
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println!(
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"{}",
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if i == 5 || i == 12 { "5 or 12" }
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else if i == 15 { "15" }
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);
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i += 1;
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};
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}
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.. container:: animate
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:color-red:`error[E0317]: 'if' may be missing an 'else' clause --> src/quiz.rs:9:21`
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:rust:`if` expressions without :rust:`else` evaluate to :rust:`()` which is not a valid value for :rust:`println`
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----------------------------------------
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Quiz 6: Is There a Compilation Error?
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----------------------------------------
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.. code:: Rust
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:number-lines: 2
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fn main() {
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let mut i = 100;
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while i {
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i -= 1;
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println!("{}", i);
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}
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}
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.. container:: animate
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:color-red:`error[E0308]: mismatched types --> src/quiz.rs:5:14`
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:rust:`while` condition expects a boolean value, but :rust:`i` is an integer

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