Merge branch 'slides/136-break-060_record_types-into-chapters' into 'master'

Resolve "Break 060_record_types into chapters"

Closes #136

See merge request feng/training/material!223

Author: frank-at-adacore

courses/fundamentals_of_ada/060_record_types.rst

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+==============
+Introduction
+==============
+
+---------------------
+Syntax and Examples
+---------------------
+
+* Syntax (simplified)
+
+   .. code:: Ada
+
+      type T is record
+         Component_Name : Type [:= Default_Value];
+         ...
+      end record;
+
+      type T_Empty is null record;
+
+* Example
+
+   .. code:: Ada
+
+      type Record1_T is record
+         Field1 : Integer;
+         Field2 : Boolean;
+      end record;
+
+* Records can be **discriminated** as well
+
+   .. code:: Ada
+
+      type T (Size : Natural := 0) is record
+         Text : String (1 .. Size);
+      end record;
+

courses/fundamentals_of_ada/060_record_types/01-introduction.rst

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+==================
+Components Rules
+==================
+
+-------------------------------
+Characteristics of Components
+-------------------------------
+
+* **Heterogeneous** types allowed
+* Referenced **by name**
+* May be no components, for **empty records**
+* **No** anonymous types (e.g., arrays) allowed
+
+   .. code:: Ada
+
+      type Record_1 is record
+         This_Is_Not_Legal : array (1 .. 3) of Integer;
+      end record;
+
+* **No** constant components
+
+   .. code:: Ada
+
+      type Record_2 is record
+         This_Is_Not_Legal : constant Integer := 123;
+      end record;
+
+* **No** recursive definitions
+
+   .. code:: Ada
+
+      type Record_3 is record
+         This_Is_Not_Legal : Record_3;
+      end record;
+
+* **No** indefinite types
+
+   .. code:: Ada
+
+      type Record_5 is record
+         This_Is_Not_Legal : String;
+         But_This_Is_Legal : String (1 .. 10);
+      end record;
+
+-----------------------
+Multiple Declarations
+-----------------------
+
+* Multiple declarations are allowed (like objects)
+
+   .. code:: Ada
+
+      type Several is record
+         A, B, C : Integer := F;
+      end record;
+
+* Equivalent to
+
+   .. code:: Ada
+
+      type Several is record
+         A : Integer := F;
+         B : Integer := F;
+         C : Integer := F;
+      end record;
+
+-----------------------------------------
+"Dot" Notation for Components Reference
+-----------------------------------------
+
+.. code:: Ada
+
+   type Months_T is (January, February, ..., December);
+   type Date is record
+      Day : Integer range 1 .. 31;
+      Month : Months_T;
+      Year : Integer range 0 .. 2099;
+   end record;
+   Arrival : Date;
+   ...
+   Arrival.Day := 27;  -- components referenced by name
+   Arrival.Month := November;
+   Arrival.Year := 1990;
+
+* Can reference nested components
+
+.. code:: Ada
+
+   Employee
+      .Birth_Date
+        .Month := March;
+
+------
+Quiz
+------
+
+..
+    This file is auto-generated from the quiz template, it should not be modified
+    directly. Read README.md for more information.
+
+.. code:: Ada
+
+    type Record_T is record
+       -- Definition here
+    end record;
+
+Which record definition(s) is (are) legal?
+
+A. ``Component_1 : array (1 .. 3) of Boolean``
+B. :answermono:`Component_2, Component_3 : Integer`
+C. ``Component_1 : Record_T``
+D. ``Component_1 : constant Integer := 123``
+
+.. container:: animate
+
+    A. Anonymous types not allowed
+    B. Correct
+    C. No recursive definition
+    D. No constant component
+.. include:: ../quiz/record_component_decl/quiz.rst
+
+------
+Quiz
+------
+
+.. code:: Ada
+
+    type Cell is record
+       Val : Integer;
+       Message : String;
+    end record;
+
+Is the definition legal?
+
+A. Yes
+B. :answer:`No`
+
+.. container:: animate
+
+    A :ada:`record` definition cannot have a component of an indefinite type. :ada:`String` is indefinite if you don't specify its size.
+

courses/fundamentals_of_ada/060_record_types/02-components_rules.rst

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+============
+Operations
+============
+
+----------------------
+Available Operations
+----------------------
+
+* Predefined
+
+   - Equality (and thus inequality)
+
+      .. code:: Ada
+
+         if A = B then
+
+   - Assignment
+
+      .. code:: Ada
+
+         A := B;
+
+* User-defined
+
+   - Subprograms
+
+---------------------
+Assignment Examples
+---------------------
+
+.. code:: Ada
+
+   declare
+     type Complex is record
+         Real : Float;
+         Imaginary : Float;
+       end record;
+     ...
+     Phase1 : Complex;
+     Phase2 : Complex;
+   begin
+     ...
+       -- object reference
+      Phase1 := Phase2;  -- entire object reference
+      -- component references
+      Phase1.Real := 2.5;
+      Phase1.Real := Phase2.Real;
+   end;
+
+-----------------------------
+Limited Types - Quick Intro
+-----------------------------
+
+* A :ada:`record` type can be limited
+
+    - And some other types, described later
+
+* :dfn:`limited` types cannot be **copied** or **compared**
+
+    - As a result then cannot be assigned
+    - May still be modified component-wise
+
+.. code:: Ada
+
+    type Lim is limited record
+        A, B : Integer;
+    end record;
+
+    L1, L2 : Lim := Create_Lim (1, 2); -- Initial value OK
+
+    L1 := L2; -- Illegal
+    if L1 /= L2 then -- Illegal
+    [...]
+